Currently, the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has caused catastrophic effect on every aspect of our lives, globally. The entire human race of all countries and regions has suffered devastating losses. With its high infectiousness and mortality rate, it is of great significance to carry out effective precautions and prevention of COVID-19. Specifically, the transportation system has been confirmed as one of the crucial spreading routes. Hence, enhancing healthcare monitoring and infection tracking for high-mobility transportation system is infeasible for pandemic control. Meanwhile, due to the promising advantages in the emerging intelligent transportation system (ITS), vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is able to collect and process relevant vehicular data for improving the driving experience and road safety, which provide a way for non-contact automatic healthcare monitoring. Furthermore, the proliferating cloud computing and blockchain techniques enable sufficient processing and storing capabilities, along with decentralized remote auditing towards heterogenous vehicular data. In this case, the automated infection tracking for pandemic control could be achieved accordingly. For the above consideration, in this paper we develop a practical homomorphic authentication scheme for cloud-assisted VANETs, where the healthcare monitoring for all involving passengers is provided. Notably, the integrated cloud-assisted VANET infrastructure is utilized, where the hybrid medical data acquisition module is attached. In this way, timely, non-contact measurement on all passengers’ physical status can be remotely done by vehicular cloud (VC), which could also drastically improve the efficiency and guarantee safety. Vulnerabilities of the employed dedicated-short-range-communication (DSRC) technique could be properly addressed with the applied homomorphic encryption design. Additionally, the decentralized blockchain-based vehicle recording mechanism is cooperatively performed by VC and edge units. Infection tracking on specific vehicle and individual can be offered in this way. Each signature sequence is collaboratively maintained and verified by the current roadside unit (RSU) and its neighbor RSUs. The security analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme is secure against major attacks, while the performance comparison with the state-of-the-arts relevant methods are presented for efficiency discussion.

中文翻译：

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云辅助VANET中的实用同态身份验证和基于区块链的大流行控制医疗监控

当前，COVID-19大流行的爆发已对全球生活的各个方面造成了灾难性影响。所有国家和地区的整个人类遭受了毁灭性的损失。鉴于其高传染性和高死亡率，开展有效的预防和预防COVID-19具有重要意义。具体而言，运输系统已被确认为关键的传播途径之一。因此，对于大流行控制而言，增强针对高机动运输系统的医疗保健监测和感染跟踪是不可行的。同时，由于新兴智能交通系统（ITS）的潜在优势，车载自组织网络（VANET）能够收集和处理相关的车载数据，以改善驾驶体验和道路安全，这提供了一种非接触式自动医疗监控的方法。此外，激增的云计算和区块链技术实现了足够的处理和存储功能，以及对异构车辆数据的分散式远程审核。在这种情况下，可以相应地实现针对大流行控制的自动感染跟踪。出于上述考虑，本文针对云辅助VANET开发了一种实用的同态认证方案，其中为所有涉及乘客的医疗保健提供监控。值得注意的是，使用了集成的云辅助VANET基础架构，其中附加了混合医疗数据采集模块。这样，车辆云（VC）可以远程对所有乘客的身体状况进行及时的非接触式测量，这也可以大大提高效率并保证安全。可以通过应用同态加密设计适当地解决所采用的专用短距离通信（DSRC）技术的漏洞。此外，基于区块链的去中心化车辆记录机制由VC和边缘单位共同执行。以此方式可以提供对特定车辆和个人的感染跟踪。每个签名序列由当前路边单元（RSU）及其相邻RSU共同维护和验证。安全分析表明，该方案可抵御重大攻击，同时将性能与相关技术水平进行比较，以进行效率讨论。可以通过应用同态加密设计适当地解决所采用的专用短距离通信（DSRC）技术的漏洞。此外，基于区块链的去中心化车辆记录机制由VC和边缘单位共同执行。以此方式可以提供对特定车辆和个人的感染跟踪。每个签名序列由当前路边单元（RSU）及其相邻RSU共同维护和验证。安全分析表明，该方案可抵御重大攻击，同时将性能与相关技术水平进行比较，以进行效率讨论。可以通过应用同态加密设计适当地解决所采用的专用短距离通信（DSRC）技术的漏洞。此外，基于区块链的去中心化车辆记录机制由VC和边缘单位共同执行。以此方式可以提供对特定车辆和个人的感染跟踪。每个签名序列由当前路边单元（RSU）及其相邻RSU共同维护和验证。安全分析表明，该方案可抵御重大攻击，同时将性能与相关技术水平进行比较，以进行效率讨论。VC和边缘单元协同执行基于分散式区块链的车辆记录机制。以此方式可以提供对特定车辆和个人的感染跟踪。每个签名序列由当前路边单元（RSU）及其相邻RSU共同维护和验证。安全分析表明，该方案可抵御重大攻击，同时将性能与相关技术水平进行比较，以进行效率讨论。VC和边缘单元协同执行基于分散式区块链的车辆记录机制。以此方式可以提供对特定车辆和个人的感染跟踪。每个签名序列由当前路边单元（RSU）及其相邻RSU共同维护和验证。安全分析表明，该方案可抵御重大攻击，同时将性能与相关技术水平进行比较，以进行效率讨论。