Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), the most prevalent seafood poisoning worldwide, is caused by the consumption of tropical and subtropical fish contaminated with potent neurotoxins called ciguatoxins (CTXs). Ciguatera is a complex clinical syndrome in which peripheral neurological signs predominate in the acute phase of the intoxication but also persist or reoccur long afterward. Their recognition is of particular importance in establishing the diagnosis, which is clinically-based and can be a challenge for physicians unfamiliar with CFP. To date, no specific treatment exists. Physiopathologically, the primary targets of CTXs are well identified, as are the secondary events that may contribute to CFP symptomatology. This review describes the clinical features, focusing on the sensory disturbances, and then reports on the neuronal targets and effects of CTXs, as well as the neurophysiological and histological studies that have contributed to existing knowledge of CFP neuropathophysiology at the molecular, neurocellular and nerve levels.

中文翻译：

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雪卡中毒的神经紊乱：临床特征和病理生理学基础

雪卡鱼中毒 (CFP) 是全球最常见的海鲜中毒，是由于食用了被称为雪卡毒素 (CTX) 的强效神经毒素污染的热带和亚热带鱼类引起的。雪卡是一种复杂的临床综合征，其中周围神经症状在中毒的急性期占主导地位，但在中毒后很长一段时间内持续存在或再次出现。他们的认可对于建立基于临床的诊断尤为重要，对于不熟悉 CFP 的医生来说可能是一个挑战。迄今为止，尚无具体的治疗方法。从病理生理学角度来看，CTX 的主要靶标以及可能导致 CFP 症状的次要事件均已明确。这篇综述描述了临床特征，重点关注感觉障碍，然后报告了 CTX 的神经元靶点和作用，以及神经生理学和组织学研究，这些研究有助于在分子、神经细胞和神经水平上增强 CFP 神经病理生理学的现有知识。