Throughout its 25-year history, the Five Domains Model for animal welfare assessment has been regularly updated to include at each stage the latest authenticated developments in animal welfare science thinking. The domains of the most up-to-date Model described here are: 1 Nutrition, 2 Physical Environment, 3 Health, 4 Behavioural Interactions and 5 Mental State. The first four domains focus attention on factors that give rise to specific negative or positive subjective experiences (affects), which contribute to the animal’s mental state, as evaluated in Domain 5. More specifically, the first three domains focus mainly on factors that disturb or disrupt particular features of the body’s internal stability. Each disturbed or disrupted feature generates sensory inputs which are processed by the brain to form specific negative affects, and these affects are associated with behaviours that act to restore the body’s internal stability. As each such behaviour is essential for the survival of the animal, the affects associated with them are collectively referred to as “survival-critical affects”. In contrast, Domain 4, now named Behavioural Interactions, focusses on evidence of animals consciously seeking specific goals when interacting behaviourally with (1) the environment, (2) other non-human animals and (3) as a new feature of the Model outlined here, humans. The associated affects, evaluated via Domain 5, are mainly generated by brain processing of sensory inputs elicited by external stimuli. The success of the animals’ behavioural attempts to achieve their chosen goals is reflected in whether the associated affects are negative or positive. Collectively referred to as “situation-related affects”, these outcomes are understood to contribute to animals’ perceptions of their external circumstances. These observations reveal a key distinction between the way survival-critical and situation-related affects influence animals’ aligned behaviours. The former mainly reflect compelling motivations to engage in genetically embedded behavioural responses, whereas the latter mainly involve conscious behavioural choices which are the hallmarks of agency. Finally, numerous examples of human–animal interactions and their attendant affects are described, and the qualitative grading of interactions that generate negative or positive affect is also illustrated.

中文翻译：

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2020年的五个领域模型：在动物福利评估中包括人与动物的相互作用

在其25年的历史中，动物福利评估的五域模型已定期更新，以在每个阶段都包括动物福利科学思维方面经过验证的最新进展。这里描述的最新模型的域是：1营养，2物理环境，3健康，4行为相互作用和5心理状态。前四个领域的注意力集中在引起特定的负面或正面主观体验（影响）的因素上，这些因素会影响动物的精神状态（如领域5所评估）。更具体地说，前三个领域主要集中于干扰或干扰他人的因素。破坏身体内部稳定性的特定特征。每个受干扰或受干扰的功能都会产生感觉输入，大脑会对其进行处理以形成特定的负面影响，这些影响与恢复人体内部稳定性的行为有关。由于每种此类行为对于动物的生存都是必不可少的，因此与它们相关的影响统称为“生存关键性影响”。相比之下，领域4（现称为行为互动）关注的证据是动物与（1）环境，（2）其他非人类动物以及（3）作为模型概述的新功能进行行为交互时有意识地寻求特定目标的证据。在这里，人类。通过域5评估的相关影响主要由大脑处理外部刺激引起的感觉输入而产生。动物实现其选定目标的行为尝试的成功反映在相关的影响是消极还是积极方面。这些结果统称为“与情境有关的影响”，被认为有助于动物对其外部环境的感知。这些观察结果揭示了生存关键和情境相关影响动物一致行为的方式之间的关键区别。前者主要反映了进行基因嵌入行为反应的令人信服的动机，而后者主要涉及有意识的行为选择，这是代理的标志。最后，描述了许多人与动物互动及其伴随的影响的例子，并说明了产生负面或正面影响的互动的定性等级。这些观察结果揭示了生存关键和情境相关影响动物一致行为的方式之间的关键区别。前者主要反映了进行基因嵌入行为反应的令人信服的动机，而后者主要涉及有意识的行为选择，这是代理的标志。最后，描述了许多人与动物互动及其伴随的影响的例子，并说明了产生负面或正面影响的互动的定性等级。这些观察结果揭示了生存关键和情境相关影响动物一致行为的方式之间的关键区别。前者主要反映了进行基因嵌入行为反应的令人信服的动机，而后者主要涉及有意识的行为选择，这是代理的标志。最后，描述了许多人与动物互动及其伴随的影响的例子，并说明了产生负面或正面影响的互动的定性等级。而后者主要涉及有意识的行为选择，这是代理的标志。最后，描述了许多人与动物互动及其伴随的影响的例子，并说明了产生负面或正面影响的互动的定性等级。而后者主要涉及有意识的行为选择，这是代理的标志。最后，描述了许多人与动物互动及其伴随的影响的例子，并说明了产生负面或正面影响的互动的定性等级。