γδ T cells are a unique T cell subpopulation that are rare in secondary lymphoid organs but enriched in many peripheral tissues, such as the skin, intestines and lungs. By rapidly producing large amounts of cytokines, γδ T cells make key contributions to immune responses in these tissues. In addition to their immune surveillance activities, recent reports have unravelled exciting new roles for γδ T cells in steady-state tissue physiology, with functions ranging from the regulation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue to the control of neuronal synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. Here, we review the roles of γδ T cells in tissue homeostasis and in surveillance of infection, aiming to illustrate their major impact on tissue integrity, tissue repair and immune protection.

γδ T 细胞是一种独特的 T 细胞亚群，在次级淋巴器官中很少见，但在许多外周组织中富集，如皮肤、肠和肺。通过快速产生大量细胞因子，γδ T 细胞对这些组织的免疫反应做出了关键贡献。除了它们的免疫监视活动之外，最近的报告还揭示了 γδ T 细胞在稳态组织生理学中令人兴奋的新作用，其功能范围从调节脂肪组织的产热到控制中枢神经系统中的神经元突触可塑性。在这里，我们回顾了 γδ T 细胞在组织稳态和感染监测中的作用，旨在说明它们对组织完整性、组织修复和免疫保护的主要影响。