Freshwater fish are one of the most frequently translocated and introduced aquatic animal groups and exhibit higher establishment ratios than many other taxa. Introductions are usually irreversible. One of common non-native fish species in Turkey is the Gibel Carp, Carassius gibelio which was introduced in the 1980s and is now widespread. We tested dominant markers (ISSR and SRAP) for genetic characterisation of Gibel Carp samples collected from eight locations in western Turkey. ISSR and SRAP marker sets showed that the level of gene flow between these populations (Nm = 0.45 / Nm = 0.47) is low and that the level of genetic differentiation (GST = 0.53 / GST = 0.52) is high. Inter-population variation detected by ISSR and SRAP markers constituted half part of the population (46.88 / 50.00%), while the rest was at intra-population level. These results indicate that the present population of the Gibel Carp is the result of several colonization events originating from the different sources. The phylogenetic relationship among the populations suggest that there were two independent major introduction events, one in the Marmara Region and the other in southern Turkey.

中文翻译：

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ISSR和SRAP标记在土耳其西部非本地Gibel Carp、Carassius gibelio种群的遗传分化

淡水鱼是最常迁移和引进的水生动物群之一，其定殖率高于许多其他类群。介绍通常是不可逆的。土耳其常见的非本地鱼类之一是鲤鱼（Carassius gibelio），它于 1980 年代引入，现在很普遍。我们测试了显性标记（ISSR 和 SRAP），用于对从土耳其西部八个地点收集的 Gibel Carp 样本进行遗传表征。ISSR 和 SRAP 标记集显示这些种群之间的基因流动水平 (Nm = 0.45 / Nm = 0.47) 低，遗传分化水平 (GST = 0.53 / GST = 0.52) 高。ISSR 和 SRAP 标记检测到的种群间变异占种群的一半 (46.88 / 50.00%)，其余处于种群内水平。这些结果表明，Gibel Carp 目前的种群是来自不同来源的几次殖民活动的结果。种群之间的系统发育关系表明有两个独立的主要引入事件，一个在马尔马拉地区，另一个在土耳其南部。