Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are a class of organic contaminants whose toxicity and persistence pose a threat to fish health. In many locations, anthropogenic inputs represent the most prominent source of these compounds. Thus, quantifying fish exposure to PACs is important for assessing ecosystem health and anthropogenic inputs. Quantitation of biliary PAC metabolites is the most accurate method for determining short-term exposure of resident fish to these compounds and is often used as a biomarker for fish health. Such analyses have been conducted worldwide on many different species of fish and with a variety of instrumentation. Here, PAC metabolism and toxicity in fish are reviewed, as are the different methodologies used to analyze metabolite-containing bile. Recent environmental monitoring studies are presented, compared, and contrasted to highlight important findings and novel applications of the technique. These include instances of the biomarker being used to assess the extent of PAC pollution from oil spills and tracking the subsequent recovery of the affected region, establishing baseline PAC exposure in pristine areas, and assessing pollution in urban waterways. By exploring global perspectives of PAC exposure and metabolites in fish, insights into the most effective ways to implement environmental monitoring are presented.

摘要

多环芳族化合物 (PAC) 是一类有机污染物，其毒性和持久性对鱼类健康构成威胁。在许多地方，人为输入是这些化合物最主要的来源。因此，量化鱼类对 PAC 的暴露对于评估生态系统健康和人为输入很重要。胆汁 PAC 代谢物的定量是确定常住鱼类短期暴露于这些化合物的最准确方法，通常用作鱼类健康的生物标志物。世界范围内已经对许多不同种类的鱼类进行了这种分析，并使用了各种仪器。在这里，回顾了鱼类的 PAC 代谢和毒性，以及用于分析含代谢物的胆汁的不同方法。介绍了最近的环境监测研究，比较了，并对比突出该技术的重要发现和新应用。其中包括生物标志物用于评估石油泄漏造成的 PAC 污染程度和跟踪受影响地区的后续恢复情况、在原始地区建立基线 PAC 暴露以及评估城市水道污染的实例。通过探索鱼类中 PAC 暴露和代谢物的全球视角，提出了对实施环境监测的最有效方法的见解。