All‐Vacuum‐Processing for Fabrication of Efficient, Large‐Scale, and Flexible Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells,Physica Status Solidi-Rapid Research Letters

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All‐Vacuum‐Processing for Fabrication of Efficient, Large‐Scale, and Flexible Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Physica Status Solidi-Rapid Research Letters ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 , DOI: 10.1002/pssr.202000449
Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli _{1,

2} , Rouhollah Tavakoli ₂

Affiliation

Vacuum deposition of transporting layers, especially the hole‐transporting layer (HTL), is still a big challenge for the fabrication of large‐area perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, efficient and large‐area PSCs are fabricated by thermal evaporation of all the layers. Poly(bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine) (PTAA) is used as the HTL, and a compact layer of PTAA with low thickness (2–10 nm) is successfully deposited using thermal evaporation. The optical and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements prove that the evaporated PTAA has a great match with the single A‐cation methylammonium triiodide perovskite film in terms of quenching effect and band alignment. After fabrication of the inverted architecture using all‐vacuum‐processing, PSCs with power conversion of efficiencies (PCEs) of 19.4% for small area (0.054 cm²) and 18.1% for large area (1 cm²) are achieved, which are higher than those of solution‐based devices. A flexible PSC with PCE of 17.27% is also fabricated using this approach. Moreover, the fabricated PSCs, using the vacuum technique, show negligible hysteresis and good stability, better than the devices fabricated on spin‐coated PTAA. This work highlights the potential of vacuum deposition for scale‐up and commercialization of PSCs.

中文翻译：

全真空工艺制造高效，大型，柔性倒钙钛矿太阳能电池

真空沉积传输层，尤其是空穴传输层（HTL），对于大面积钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的制造仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在这项工作中，通过所有层的热蒸发可以制造出高效且大面积的PSC。聚（双（4-苯基）（2,4,6-三甲基苯基）胺）（PTAA）用作HTL，并通过热蒸发成功沉积了厚度低（2-10 nm）的PTAA致密层。光学和紫外光电子能谱（UPS）测量证明，蒸发的PTAA在猝灭效果和能带排列方面与单个A-阳离子甲基碘化三碘化钙钛矿膜具有很好的匹配性。使用全真空处理制造倒置架构后，小面积的PSC的功率转换效率（PCE）为19.4％（0。²）和大面积（1 cm ²）的18.1％，高于基于解决方案的设备。使用这种方法还可以制造出PCE为17.27％的柔性PSC。此外，使用真空技术制造的PSC表现出可忽略的滞后性和良好的稳定性，优于在旋涂PTAA上制造的器件。这项工作强调了真空沉积在PSC的规模化和商业化方面的潜力。

更新日期：2020-10-14

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