Abstract A number of feedbacks regulate the response of Arctic sea ice to local atmospheric warming. Using a realistic coupled ocean‐sea ice model and its adjoint, we isolate a mechanism by which significant ice growth at the end of the melt season may occur as a lagged response to Arctic atmospheric warming. A series of perturbation simulations informed by adjoint model‐derived sensitivity patterns reveal the enhanced ice growth to be accompanied by a reduction of snow thickness on the ice pack. Detailed analysis of ocean‐ice‐snow heat budgets confirms the essential role of the reduced snow thickness for persistence and delayed overshoot of ice growth. The underlying mechanism is a snow‐melt‐conductivity feedback, wherein atmosphere‐driven snow melt leads to a larger conductive ocean heat loss through the overlying ice layer. Our results highlight the need for accurate observations of snow thickness to constrain climate models and to initialize sea ice forecasts.

中文翻译：

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大气变暖推动北极海冰的增长：雪的关键作用


摘要 许多反馈调节北极海冰对当地大气变暖的响应。使用现实的耦合海洋-海冰模型及其伴随模型，我们分离出一种机制，通过这种机制，在融化季节结束时可能会出现明显的冰生长，作为对北极大气变暖的滞后反应。由伴随模型衍生的灵敏度模式提供的一系列扰动模拟揭示了冰生长的增强伴随着冰袋上雪厚度的减少。对海洋-冰-雪热预算的详细分析证实了雪厚度减少对于冰生长的持久性和延迟超调的重要作用。潜在的机制是融雪电导反馈，其中大气驱动的融雪导致通过上覆冰层的更大的传导性海洋热损失。我们的结果强调需要准确观测积雪厚度以限制气候模型并初始化海冰预报。