This research provides a novel analysis of the impact of hope and hopelessness on judgment, examining how they influence the use of judgment-relevant thoughts. Hope and hopelessness are two ends of an emotional continuum for which the confidence and pleasantness appraisals are mismatched. That is, hope is appraised as a pleasant state that is associated with uncertainty. In contrast, hopelessness is appraised as an unpleasant state that is associated with confidence. The aim of this research is to show that these appraisals are critical for predicting how these emotions influence the impact of thoughts on attitudes. In three experiments we manipulated these emotions along with their appraisals and examined the impact on thought reliance and attitude change toward healthy and unhealthy foods, people with disabilities, and self-evaluation. It was predicted and found that when a pleasantness appraisal was salient, hope increased the use of thoughts relative to hopelessness. In contrast, when a confidence appraisal was salient, hopelessness increased the use of thoughts compared to hope.

中文翻译：

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希望和绝望对评价的影响：元认知方法

这项研究对希望和绝望对判断的影响进行了新颖的分析，研究了它们如何影响判断相关思想的使用。希望和绝望是情感连续体的两端，信心和愉快的评价是不匹配的。也就是说，希望被评价为一种与不确定性相关的愉快状态。相比之下，绝望被认为是一种与自信相关的不愉快状态。这项研究的目的是表明这些评估对于预测这些情绪如何影响思想对态度的影响至关重要。在三个实验中，我们操纵这些情绪以及他们的评价，并检查了对健康和不健康食品、残疾人和自我评价的思想依赖和态度变化的影响。据预测并发现，当愉悦性评价很突出时，希望会增加与绝望相关的想法的使用。相比之下，当信心评估很突出时，与希望相比，绝望会增加思想的使用。