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Landscape simplification increases vineyard pest outbreaks and insecticide use
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-13 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.13622
Daniel Paredes 1 , Jay A. Rosenheim 2 , Rebecca Chaplin‐Kramer 3 , Silvia Winter 4 , Daniel S. Karp 1
Affiliation  

Diversifying agricultural landscapes may mitigate biodiversity declines and improve pest management. Yet landscapes are rarely managed to suppress pests, in part because researchers seldom measure key variables related to pest outbreaks and insecticides that drive management decisions. We used a 13‐year government database to analyse landscape effects on European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) outbreaks and insecticides across c. 400 Spanish vineyards. At harvest, we found pest outbreaks increased four‐fold in simplified, vineyard‐dominated landscapes compared to complex landscapes in which vineyards are surrounded by semi‐natural habitats. Similarly, insecticide applications doubled in vineyard‐dominated landscapes but declined in vineyards surrounded by shrubland. Importantly, pest population stochasticity would have masked these large effects if numbers of study sites and years were reduced to typical levels in landscape pest‐control studies. Our results suggest increasing landscape complexity may mitigate pest populations and insecticide applications. Habitat conservation represents an economically and environmentally sound approach for achieving sustainable grape production.

中文翻译:

简化景观会增加葡萄园病虫害的爆发和杀虫剂的使用

农业景观的多样化可以减轻生物多样性的下降并改善虫害管理。然而,景观管理很少能抑制害虫,部分原因是研究人员很少测量与驱动管理决策的害虫暴发和杀虫剂有关的关键变量。我们使用了13年的政府数据库来分析欧洲葡萄蛾(景观效果Lobesia botrana)暴发和杀虫剂跨Ç。400个西班牙葡萄园。在收获时,我们发现,在简化的,以葡萄园为主的景观中,虫害暴发数量增加了四倍,而在复杂的景观中,葡萄园被半自然栖息地所包围。同样,在以葡萄园为主的景观中,杀虫剂的使用量增加了一倍,但在灌木丛环绕的葡萄园中,杀虫剂的使用量却减少了。重要的是,如果将景观场所虫害控制研究的研究地点和年份减少到典型水平,虫害种群的随机性将掩盖这些巨大的影响。我们的结果表明,景观复杂性的增加可能会减轻害虫种群和杀虫剂的使用。栖息地保护是实现可持续葡萄生产的一种经济和环境友好的方法。
更新日期:2020-12-12
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