NASA's Juno spacecraft has been monitoring Jupiter in 53‐day orbits since 2016. Its six‐frequency microwave radiometer (MWR) is designed to measure black body emission from Jupiter over a range of pressures from a few tenths of a bar to several kilobars in order to retrieve details of the planet's atmospheric composition, in particular, its ammonia and water abundances. A key step toward achieving this goal is the determination of the latitudinal dependence of the nadir brightness temperature and limb darkening of Jupiter's thermal emission through a deconvolution of the measured antenna temperatures. We present a formulation of the deconvolution as an optimal estimation problem. It is demonstrated that a quadratic expression is sufficient to model the angular dependence of the thermal emission for the data set used to perform the deconvolution. Validation of the model and results from a subset of orbits favorable for MWR measurements is presented over a range of latitudes that cover up to 60° from the equator. A heuristic algorithm to mitigate the effects of nonthermal emission is also described.

中文翻译：

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朱诺微波辐射计的木星厘米波热发射的角度依赖性和空间分布

自2016年以来，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的朱诺（Juno）航天器一直在53天的轨道上监视木星。其六频微波辐射计（MWR）旨在测量从木星发射的黑体，其压力范围从十分之几巴到几千巴不等。检索行星大气成分的详细信息，尤其是其氨和水的丰度。达到此目标的关键步骤是确定天底亮度温度的纬度依赖性以及通过对测得的天线温度进行反卷积来确定木星热辐射的肢体变暗。我们提出一种反卷积的公式，作为最佳估计问题。已经证明，对于用于执行去卷积的数据集，二次表达式足以建模热辐射的角度依赖性。在与赤道最高达60°的一系列纬度范围内，提出了模型验证和来自有利于MWR测量的轨道子集的结果。还介绍了一种减轻非热辐射影响的启发式算法。