Durum wheat and rice brans are by-products deriving from the milling industry and source of important phytochemicals, mostly phenolics in bound form. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the most effective method for the extraction of phenolic acids from these by-products with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and to standardize the obtained extracts to encourage their commercialization in health field. Free phenolics were extracted with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and bound phenolics with alkaline hydrolysis (AH) and ultrasound-assisted alkaline hydrolysis (UAAH). Extracts were analyzed with HPTLC (high-performance thin-layer chromatography) and RPHPLC-DAD-ESIMS (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry); the content of trans-ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, total phenolics were also quantified. The antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH and ABTS methods. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. Results obtained using UAAH showed the most interesting data, suggesting this method as the most effective to obtain active extracts from the by-products. Durum wheat, extracted with UAAH, exhibited the highest content of trans-ferulic acid (406.14 ± 0.65 µg FA/mg extract), total phenolics (610.58 ± 57.60 mg GAE/g dried extract) and good antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and it has been selected to formulate oil-in-water cosmetic products.

中文翻译：

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从农业副产品中提取的抗氧化和抗菌提取物：可持续恢复策略和未来前景

硬粒小麦和米糠是制粉工业的副产品，也是重要植物化学物质的来源，主要是结合形式的酚类物质。这项工作的目的是评估从这些具有抗氧化和抗微生物活性的副产品中提取酚酸的最有效方法，并对获得的提取物进行标准化，以鼓励它们在健康领域的商业化。游离酚类通过超声辅助提取 (UAE) 提取，结合酚类通过碱解 (AH) 和超声辅助碱解 (UAAH) 进行提取。用HPTLC（高效薄层色谱）和RPHPLC-DAD-ESIMS（反相高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器-电喷雾电离质谱）分析提取物；反式阿魏酸的含量，对香豆酸、总酚也进行了定量。使用DPPH和ABTS方法研究抗氧化活性。针对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌菌株评价了抗微生物活性。使用 UAAH 获得的结果显示了最有趣的数据，表明该方法是从副产物中获得活性提取物的最有效方法。用 UAAH 提取的硬质小麦表现出最高含量的反式阿魏酸（406.14 ± 0.65 µg FA/mg 提取物）、总酚类（610.58 ± 57.60 mg GAE/g 干提取物）和良好的抗氧化和抗菌活性选择用于配制水包油化妆品。针对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌菌株评价了抗微生物活性。使用 UAAH 获得的结果显示了最有趣的数据，表明该方法是从副产物中获得活性提取物的最有效方法。用 UAAH 提取的硬质小麦表现出最高含量的反式阿魏酸（406.14 ± 0.65 µg FA/mg 提取物）、总酚类（610.58 ± 57.60 mg GAE/g 干提取物）和良好的抗氧化和抗菌活性选择用于配制水包油化妆品。针对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌菌株评价了抗微生物活性。使用 UAAH 获得的结果显示了最有趣的数据，表明该方法是从副产物中获得活性提取物的最有效方法。用 UAAH 提取的硬粒小麦表现出最高含量的反式阿魏酸（406.14 ± 0.65 µg FA/mg 提取物）、总酚类（610.58 ± 57.60 mg GAE/g 干提取物）和良好的抗氧化和抗菌活性选择用于配制水包油化妆品。