Background and Aims

Gambling Disorder (GD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are frequently comorbid and often associated with a more severe clinical profile compared to those with either diagnosis alone. Despite recent growing interest in this comorbidity, there has been little effort to synthesize this domain of research and define areas of need for future research.

Design

The present work details a systematic review of empirical studies examining the relationship between PTSD and GD-related factors. This review encompassed 74 studies each examining the overlap between GD and the following domains: PTSD, Trauma, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Stressful Life Events.

Findings

The included studies yielded 91 independent samples each providing associations between the above-mentioned constructs. The present work found that stress, trauma, and symptom severity of PTSD each influence the severity of both GD and subclinical levels of GD. The severity, type, and time at which trauma occurs in the lifespan all appear to influence the predictive strength of trauma on GD severity. However, PTSD symptoms appear to have a greater impact on GD severity compared to trauma alone.

Conclusion

PTSD symptoms result in increased severity of GD, and pathological dissociation plays a particularly important role in exacerbating this relationship. Clinical and etiological implications, as well as direction for future research from these findings, are revealed and discussed.

中文翻译：

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赌博障碍和共病 PTSD：实证研究的系统回顾

背景和目标

赌博障碍 (GD) 和创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 经常合并，并且与单独诊断的患者相比，通常与更严重的临床特征相关。尽管最近对这种合并症越来越感兴趣，但几乎没有努力综合这一研究领域并确定未来研究需要的领域。

设计

目前的工作详细介绍了对检验 PTSD 和 GD 相关因素之间关系的实证研究的系统评价。这篇综述包括 74 项研究，每项研究都检查了 GD 与以下领域之间的重叠：PTSD、创伤、不良童年经历和压力生活事件。

发现

纳入的研究产生了 91 个独立样本，每个样本都提供了上述结构之间的关联。目前的工作发现，PTSD 的压力、创伤和症状严重程度都会影响 GD 的严重程度和 GD 的亚临床水平。在生命周期中创伤发生的严重程度、类型和时间似乎都会影响创伤对 G​​D 严重程度的预测强度。然而，与单独的创伤相比，PTSD 症状似乎对 GD 严重程度的影响更大。

结论

PTSD 症状导致 GD 的严重程度增加，病理分离在加剧这种关系中起着特别重要的作用。揭示和讨论了这些发现的临床和病因学意义，以及未来研究的方向。