The administration of (stem) cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) promotes tissue repair through management of different inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling processes in the body. Despite the widely observed biological and therapeutic roles of EVs in wound healing and tissue repair, knowledge on how EVs activate recipient cells and which EV cargo is responsible for the subsequent functional effects is limited. Recent studies hint toward an important role for proteins as functional EV cargo. Here, we provide an overview of how EV-associated proteins promote tissue repair processes and discuss current challenges in evaluating their contribution to EV function and future directions for translating fundamental insights into clinically relevant EV therapies.

（干）细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡 (EV) 的施用通过管理体内不同的炎症、增殖和重塑过程来促进组织修复。尽管 EVs 在伤口愈合和组织修复中的生物学和治疗作用得到广泛观察，但关于 EVs 如何激活受体细胞以及哪些 EV 货物负责随后的功能效应的知识是有限的。最近的研究暗示蛋白质作为功能性 EV 货物的重要作用。在这里，我们概述了 EV 相关蛋白如何促进组织修复过程，并讨论了评估它们对 EV 功能的贡献的当前挑战以及将基本见解转化为临床相关 EV 疗法的未来方向。