Impacts of manure application on the soil fungal community in agricultural systems have been extensively explored. However, the contribution of manure-sourced exogenous species in shaping soil fungal diversity and community assemblage are still open questions. In this study, fungal communities in soils that received manure with or without chemical fertilizers, as well as a no fertilizer control, were characterized using high throughput sequencing. We found that diverse taxa in manure, including some potential pathogens, were transmitted into soil through manure application, accounting for 9.80–10.94% of soil fungal richness, but only for 1.10–2.04% in the relative abundance of soil fungal community. Manure application impacted soil fungal community assemblage mainly through alterations of soil characteristics, especially soil carbon pool. Nutrient from manure showed great selection on fungal taxa, thus strengthening the effect of niche filtering on fungal community. As a consequence, manure application resulted in lower fungal richness than chemical fertilizers through enhancing species extinction. These findings suggested that the transmission of manure-sourced exogenous species is a key source of fungal richness but contributed little to soil fungal community assemblage. Manure incorporation structured soil fungal diversity and community assemblage primarily through changing niche breadth and the types of substrates available in the soil.

广泛研究了肥料施用对农业系统中土壤真菌群落的影响。然而，粪便来源的外来物种对塑造土壤真菌多样性和群落聚集的贡献仍是未解决的问题。在这项研究中，使用高通量测序对使用或不使用化肥以及未施肥的土壤中真菌群落进行了表征。我们发现，粪便中的各种分类单元（包括一些潜在病原体）通过粪便传播到土壤中，占土壤真菌丰富度的9.80–10.94％，但仅占土壤真菌群落相对丰度的1.10–2.04％。施肥主要通过改变土壤特性，特别是土壤碳库，影响土壤真菌群落的组装。粪便中的养分对真菌类群有很好的选择，从而增强了生态位过滤对真菌群落的作用。结果，通过增加物种灭绝，施用肥料比化学肥料导致真菌丰富度降低。这些发现表明，粪便来源的外源物种的传播是真菌丰富度的关键来源，但对土壤真菌群落的整合贡献很小。肥料掺入主要通过改变生态位宽度和土壤中可利用的底物类型来结构化土壤真菌的多样性和群落集合。通过增加物种灭绝，施用肥料比化学肥料导致真菌丰富度降低。这些发现表明，粪便来源的外源物种的传播是真菌丰富度的关键来源，但对土壤真菌群落的整合贡献很小。肥料掺入主要通过改变生态位宽度和土壤中可利用的底物类型来结构化土壤真菌的多样性和群落集合。通过增加物种灭绝，施用肥料比化学肥料导致真菌丰富度降低。这些发现表明，粪便来源的外源物种的传播是真菌丰富度的关键来源，但对土壤真菌群落的整合贡献很小。肥料掺入主要通过改变生态位宽度和土壤中可利用的底物类型来结构化土壤真菌的多样性和群落集聚。