The comparative analysis of the mechanical activation and Al₂O₃ doping effect on the densification behavior of tetragonal 3Y-TZP nanopowders has been carried out. Two types of zirconia nanopowders doped by alumina have been studied. Namely, nanopowders obtained by the mechanical mixing and co-precipitation methods. The behavior of nanopowders at initial stage of sintering was examined by the constant rate of heating technique.

It was found that the volume diffusion mechanism, which is realized by sintering the 3Y-TZP nanopowders undoped and doped with a small amount of Al₂O₃ nanopowders obtained by co-precipitation, ceases to function when the Al₂O₃ content increases to 2 wt% and the Al₂O₃ inclusions block the diffusion flux of Zr⁴⁺ cations from the volume of ZrO₂ particles to the necks. Annealing of the structure defects caused by milling of the 3Y-TZP and Tosoh TZ-3Y powders during preliminary heating leads to the realization of the volume diffusion mechanism instead of the grain boundary diffusion mechanism at the initial sintering stage in milled nanopowders. Therefore, the GBD mechanism in the milled zirconia powders caused by the stressed and defective state of zirconia nanoparticles, and not by size effects.

It was shown that the Al₂O₃ particles added to zirconia nanopowders by mechanical mixing did not change the volume diffusion mechanism at the initial stage of sintering of 3Y-TZP NPs until the Al₂O₃ concentration did not blocked the diffusion of cation to the necks.

It was proposed to separate the effects of mechanical activation of nanopowders from the influence of doping on the diffusion mechanism at the initial stage of sintering of doped zirconia nanopowders. The simultaneous influence of both impacts (mechanical energy and chemical composition) can complicate and confuse reasoning.

进行了机械活化和Al ₂ O ₃掺杂对四方3Y-TZP纳米粉体致密化行为的比较分析。研究了两种掺杂氧化铝的氧化锆纳米粉。即，通过机械混合和共沉淀方法获得的纳米粉末。通过恒定的加热技术检查了纳米粉末在烧结初期的行为。

结果发现，当Al ₂ O _3的含量增加到_3％时，通过烧结未掺杂和掺有少量通过共沉淀而得到的Al ₂ O ₃纳米粉的3Y-TZP纳米粉，可以实现体积扩散机制。2 wt％且Al ₂ O ₃夹杂物阻止Zr ⁴⁺阳离子从ZrO ₂的体积扩散颗粒到脖子上。在预热过程中，由3Y-TZP和Tosoh TZ-3Y粉末的碾磨引起的结构缺陷的退火导致在碾磨的纳米粉末的初始烧结阶段实现体积扩散机制，而不是晶界扩散机制。因此，研磨后的氧化锆粉末中的GBD机理是由氧化锆纳米颗粒的受力和缺陷状态引起的，而不是由尺寸效应引起的。

结果表明，通过机械混合添加到氧化锆纳米粉中的Al ₂ O ₃颗粒在烧结3Y-TZP NPs的初始阶段不会改变体积扩散机制，直到Al ₂ O _3的浓度没有阻止阳离子向脖子。

提出了在掺杂氧化锆纳米粉烧结的初始阶段，将纳米粉的机械活化作用与掺杂对扩散机理的影响分开。两种影响（机械能和化学成分）的同时影响可能会使推理变得复杂和混乱。