To identify unknown regulatory mechanisms leading to aluminium (Al)-induction of the Al tolerance gene ALS3, we conducted an expression genome-wide association study (eGWAS) for ALS3 in the shoots of 95 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions in the presence of Al. The eGWAS was conducted using a mixed linear model with 145,940 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the association results were validated using reverse genetics. We found that many SNPs from the eGWAS were associated with genes related to phosphatidylinositol metabolism as well as stress signal transduction, including Ca2+signals, inter-connected in a co-expression network. Of these, PLC9, CDPK32, ANAC071, DIR1, and a hypothetical protein (AT4G10470) possessed amino acid sequence/ gene expression level polymorphisms that were significantly associated with ALS3 expression level variation. Furthermore, T-DNA insertion mutants of PLC9, CDPK32, and ANAC071 suppressed shoot ALS3 expression in the presence of Al. This study clarified the regulatory mechanisms of ALS3 expression in the shoot and provided genetic evidence of the involvement of phosphatidylinositol-derived signal transduction under Al stress.

中文翻译：

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表达全基因组关联研究表明，磷脂酰肌醇衍生的信号调节铝胁迫下拟南芥枝条中 ALUMINIUM SENSITIVE3 的表达

为了确定导致铝 (Al) 诱导铝耐受基因 ALS3 的未知调控机制，我们在铝存在下对 95 个拟南芥种质的枝条中的 ALS3 进行了表达全基因组关联研究 (eGWAS)。eGWAS 使用具有 145,940 个全基因组单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 的混合线性模型进行，关联结果使用反向遗传学进行验证。我们发现来自 eGWAS 的许多 SNP 与与磷脂酰肌醇代谢以及应激信号转导（包括 Ca2+信号）相关的基因相关，这些基因在共表达网络中相互连接。其中，PLC9、CDPK32、ANAC071、DIR1、和一个假设的蛋白质 (AT4G10470) 具有与 ALS3 表达水平变化显着相关的氨基酸序列/基因表达水平多态性。此外，PLC9、CDPK32 和 ANAC071 的 T-DNA 插入突变体在 Al 存在下抑制了 ALS3 的表达。该研究阐明了 ALS3 在枝条中表达的调控机制，并提供了在铝胁迫下参与磷脂酰肌醇衍生信号转导的遗传证据。