Magnetic skyrmions have attracted enormous research interest since their discovery a decade ago. Especially the non-trivial real-space topology of these nano-whirls leads to fundamentally interesting and technologically relevant effects - the skyrmion Hall effect of the texture and the topological Hall effect of the electrons. Furthermore, it grants skyrmions in a ferromagnetic surrounding great stability even at small sizes, making skyrmions aspirants to become the carriers of information in the future. Still, the utilization of skyrmions in spintronic devices has not been achieved yet, among others, due to shortcomings in their current-driven motion. In this review, we present recent trends in the field of topological spin textures that go beyond skyrmions. The majority of these objects can be considered the combination of multiple skyrmions or the skyrmion analogues in different magnetic surroundings, as well as three-dimensional generalizations. We classify the alternative magnetic quasiparticles - some of them observed experimentally, others theoretical predictions - and present the most relevant and auspicious advantages of this emerging field.

中文翻译：

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超越斯格明子：替代磁性准粒子的回顾与展望

自十年前被发现以来，磁性斯格明子引起了巨大的研究兴趣。尤其是这些纳米漩涡的非平凡实空间拓扑结构导致了从根本上有趣且与技术相关的效应——纹理的斯格明子霍尔效应和电子的拓扑霍尔效应。此外，它使斯格明子即使在小尺寸的情况下也能在铁磁周围具有很大的稳定性，从而使斯格明子成为未来信息的载体。尽管如此，由于斯格明子的电流驱动运动存在缺陷，因此尚未在自旋电子器件中使用斯格明子。在这篇评论中，我们介绍了超越斯格明子的拓扑自旋纹理领域的最新趋势。这些物体中的大多数可以被认为是多个斯格明子或不同磁场环境中的斯格明子类似物的组合，以及三维概括。我们对替代磁性准粒子进行分类——其中一些是通过实验观察到的，另一些是理论预测——并展示了这一新兴领域最相关和最吉祥的优势。