Background

Some elements were claimed to play a role in the pathogenesis of congenital heart defects (CHD) and influence the general well-being and health of these children.

Objectives

We aimed to assess the levels of some elements simultaneously in the blood and teeth samples of children with cyanotic and acyanotic CHD compared with healthy children.

Methods

A total of 39 children with CHD (11 with cyanotic and 28 with acyanotic CHD) and 42 age- and sex-adjusted controls were enrolled. Levels of 13 elements, including magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, strontium, cadmium, lead, mercury, and molybdenum, were assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Results

Children with cyanotic and acyanotic CHD had significantly lower teeth calcium and calcium/phosphorus ratio as compared to the controls after adjusting for confounders. The mean blood iron level was found to be significantly higher in the cyanotic CHD group compared to the other groups. In addition, children with acyanotic CHD had significantly higher teeth copper levels, higher blood molybdenum and lower blood magnesium levels compared to the healthy control group. Blood cadmium and mercury levels were found to be significantly elevated in both the cyanotic and acyanotic CHD groups compared to the healthy control group. There were no differences in toxic metal levels of teeth in cases with CHD.

Conclusion

Monitoring adequate and balanced gestational micronutrient intake might support not only maternal health but also fetal cardiac development and infant well-being. Supplementation of magnesium should be evaluated in patients having CHD.

中文翻译：

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先天性心脏病儿童与健康儿童血液和牙齿样本中的元素分布图

背景

据称，某些因素在先天性心脏缺陷 (CHD) 的发病机制中起作用，并影响这些儿童的总体幸福感和健康。

目标

我们旨在与健康儿童相比，同时评估紫绀和无紫绀型 CHD 儿童血液和牙齿样本中某些元素的水平。

方法

共招募了 39 名 CHD 儿童（11 名紫绀和 28 名无紫绀型 CHD）和 42 名年龄和性别调整的对照。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法评估了 13 种元素的含量，包括镁、磷、钙、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、锶、镉、铅、汞和钼。

结果

在调整混杂因素后，与对照组相比，患有紫绀和无紫绀的 CHD 儿童的牙齿钙和钙/磷比率显着降低。与其他组相比，发绀型 CHD 组的平均血铁水平显着更高。此外，与健康对照组相比，无紫绀型冠心病儿童的牙齿铜含量、血钼含量和血镁含量明显较高。与健康对照组相比，发绀型和无发绀型冠心病组的血镉和汞水平均显着升高。在冠心病病例中，牙齿的有毒金属含量没有差异。

结论

监测足量和平衡的妊娠微量营养素摄入量不仅可以支持孕产妇健康，还可以支持胎儿心脏发育和婴儿健康。应在冠心病患者中评估镁的补充。