Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are becoming an increasingly important means to power a green and renewable future. Advances in RFBs require an understanding of the construction of ion/molecule-selective transport nanochannels in high-performance and low-cost membranes for the application of large-scale energy storage. Enabling the control of ion/molecule transport at nanometer scales can achieve numerous functions, such as selectivity, conductivity, stability, and electrochemical performance, which result from diverse interactions between the ion/molecule and nanochannels. This paper presents an overview of the research and development of membranes with ion/molecule-selective transport nanochannels for RFB applications and particularly focuses on the basic principles, namely solvated ion/molecule sizes, functional groups, nanoscale confined dimensions, interactions, and environmental factors during ion/molecule-selective transport in nanochannels on the basis of their chemical and physical structures. Finally, we provide insights into the challenges and possible future research directions in the development of next-generation membranes for RFBs.

氧化还原液流电池（RFB）成为推动绿色和可再生未来发展的越来越重要的手段。RFB的发展需要了解高性能和低成本膜中离子/分子选择性转运纳米通道的结构，以用于大规模储能。启用离子/分子在纳米尺度上的控制可以实现许多功能，例如选择性，电导率，稳定性和电化学性能，这是由于离子/分子与纳米通道之间的多种相互作用所致。本文概述了用于RFB应用的具有离子/分子选择性转运纳米通道的膜的研究与开发概况，特别着重于基本原理，即溶剂化的离子/分子大小，官能团，纳米级基于其化学和物理结构在离子/分子选择性传输过程中限制了尺寸，相互作用和环境因素。最后，我们提供了下一代RFB膜开发中的挑战和可能的未来研究方向的见解。