The emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing global health crises. Children can be infected, but are less likely to develop severe neurological abnormalities compared with adults. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 can directly cause neurological impairments in pediatric patients is not known. The possible evolutionary and molecular relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and non-segmented RNA viruses were examined with reference to neurological disorders in pediatric patients. SARS-CoV-2 shares similar functional domains with neuroinvasive and neurotropic RNA viruses. The Spike 1 (S1) receptor binding domain and the cleavage sites at S1/S2 boundary are less conserved compared with the S2 among coronaviruses.

新出现的严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 正在引发全球健康危机。儿童可以被感染，但与成人相比，发生严重神经异常的可能性较小。然而，SARS-CoV-2 是否会直接导致儿科患者的神经损伤尚不清楚。参考儿科患者的神经系统疾病，研究了 SARS-CoV-2 与非分段 RNA 病毒之间可能的进化和分子关系。SARS-CoV-2 与神经侵袭性和嗜神经性 RNA 病毒具有相似的功能域。与冠状病毒中的 S2 相比，Spike 1 (S1) 受体结合域和 S1/S2 边界处的切割位点保守性较低。