The diet of Indigenous Peoples of North-Western Siberia is characterized by a significant proportion of traditional foods. Eating local products provides a ready-made set of macro- and microelements necessary for life in the challenging conditions of the Arctic. Currently, high consumption of traditional foods is typical in the season of fishing or reindeer slaughter, while out of season the consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates increases. Due to climate change, seasonal fishing and traditional migration routes are disrupted and, therefore, the consumption of traditional foods is decreasing. During 5 years of expeditions, we performed a cross-sectional screening of 985 Indigenous People from three districts of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. We analyzed the seasonality of acquisition and consumption of local reindeer and fish products and studied the traditional food storage among 90 Indigenous fishermen and hunters, who exploit cryostorage. As diet affects health, we studied the benefits of local food. The duration of the consumption season is decreasing and therefore the amount of consumption of local food is decreasing as well. This has adverse effects on health with increasing hypertension dissemination. The creation of stocks of fish and reindeer meat in villages and their year-round sale to the population is a necessary step for ensuring the food security and health of the inhabitants in the region.

西伯利亚西北部原住民饮食的特点是传统食物占很大比例。食用当地产品可以提供在北极充满挑战的条件下生存所需的现成的大量和微量元素。目前，传统食品的高消费通常发生在捕鱼或驯鹿屠宰季节，而淡季易消化的碳水化合物的消费也会增加。由于气候变化，季节性捕鱼和传统迁徙路线被破坏，因此传统食品的消费正在减少。在为期 5 年的考察中，我们对来自亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区三个地区的 985 名土著居民进行了横断面筛查。我们分析了当地驯鹿和鱼产品的获取和消费的季节性，并研究了 90 名利用低温储存的土著渔民和猎人的传统食物储存方式。由于饮食影响健康，我们研究了当地食物的好处。消费季节的持续时间在缩短，因此当地食品的消费量也在减少。随着高血压传播的增加，这对健康产生不利影响。在村庄储存鱼类和驯鹿肉并全年向居民出售，是确保该地区居民粮食安全和健康的必要步骤。