Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to create a conceptual design a bird-inspired unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that can stay in the air for a long time while this design influences the species near the airport with predator appearance. To achieve that goal, reverse engineering methods took into account to find out optimal parameter, and effective bird species were examined to be taken as an example.

Design/methodology/approach

Design parameters were determined according to the behaviour of bird species in the region and their natural enemies. Dalaman airport where is located near the fresh water supplies and sea, was chosen as the area to run. To keep such birds away from the airport and to prevent potential incidents, information from animal behaviour studies is enormously important. According to Tinbergen, chicken and gees reacted to all short-necked birds because they thought they were predators. The entire method is based on information from these data, along with reverse engineering principles.

Findings

UAV can remain in the air for more than 5 min when the engine stops at an altitude of 200 m. Also, when the UAV loses altitude of 100 m, it can cover a distance of about 2 m with the 19.8-glide ratio. Moreover, 380 KV brushless electric motor can provide 5.2 kg thrust force with 17 × 8-inch folding propeller which means 1.3 thrust to weight ratio (T/W). This engine and propeller combination work up to 12 min at maximum power with 7000 mAh lipo-battery. The UAV can climb more than 40 min at 0.2 T/W ratio.

Research limitations/implications

While bird-inspired UAV trials have just begun, general ornithopter studies have taken smaller birds as their source because this is the limit of the flapping wing, one of the largest birds modelled in this study. Thus, it is inevitable the UAV influences other birds in the area. In addition, this bird’s inherent flight behaviour, such as soaring, ridge lifting and gliding, will increase its credibility. Owing to size similarity with UAV systems, reverse engineering methods worked well in the design.

Practical implications

Some of the specialist try to fly trained falcon in airport as an alternative method. This study focussed on the design of a bird-inspired UAV by optimizing the glide performance, both for scare the other birds around the airport and for the observation of birds in the vicinity and for the identification of bird species.

Social implications

As this type of work has been proven to reduce the risk of bird strikes, the sense of flight safety on society will increase.

Originality/value

Researchers and companies generally work on flapping wing models for related subjects. However, these products are kind of model of the Falconiformes species which don’t have too much influence on big birds. For this reason, the authors took account of Imperial eagle’s specifications. These birds perform long soaring flights while seeking for prey like the glider design. So, the authors think it is a new approach for designing UAV for preventing bird-strike.

中文翻译：

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用于预防和观察鸟击的滑翔无人机的概念设计

目的

本文的目的是创建一种概念设计，以鸟为灵感的无人飞行器（UAV）可以在空中停留很长时间，而这种设计以掠食性动物的外形影响机场附近的物种。为了实现该目标，考虑了逆向工程方法以找出最佳参数，并以有效鸟类为例进行了研究。

设计/方法/方法

根据该地区鸟类及其天敌的行为确定设计参数。靠近淡水供应和海洋的达拉曼机场被选为运行区域。为了使此类鸟类远离机场并防止可能发生的事故，来自动物行为研究的信息非常重要。根据廷伯格根（Tinbergen）的说法，鸡和鹅对所有短颈鸟都有反应，因为他们认为它们是掠食者。整个方法基于这些数据中的信息以及逆向工程原理。

发现

当发动机在200 m的高度停止时，无人机可以在空中停留5分钟以上。同样，当无人机失去100 m的高度时，它的滑行比为19.8时可以覆盖约2 m的距离。此外，380 KV无刷电动机可通过17×8英寸折叠式螺旋桨提供5.2 kg推力，这意味着1.3推重比（T / W）。这种发动机和螺旋桨组合可以在最大功率下使用7000 mAh锂电池工作12分钟。无人机可以以0.2 T / W的比率爬升40分钟以上。

研究局限/意义

尽管以鸟类为灵感的无人机试验已经开始，但一般的鸟类飞行器研究已经将较小的鸟类作为其来源，因为这是扑翼的极限，而扑翼是这项研究中最大的鸟类之一。因此，无人机不可避免地会影响该地区的其他鸟类。此外，这种鸟类固有的飞行行为，例如高昂，起垄和滑行，将提高其信誉度。由于与无人机系统的尺寸相似，逆向工程方法在设计中效果很好。

实际影响

一些专家试图将训练有素的猎鹰在机场飞行作为替代方法。这项研究的重点是通过优化滑翔性能来设计受鸟类启发的无人机，既可以吓倒机场周围的其他鸟类，也可以观察附近的鸟类并识别鸟类。

社会影响

由于这种工作已被证明可以减少鸟击的危险，因此对社会的飞行安全感将会增强。

创意/价值

研究人员和公司通常会为相关主题研究襟翼模型。但是，这些产品是the形目物种的模型，对大型鸟类影响不大。因此，作者考虑了帝国鹰的规格。这些鸟在进行远距离高飞飞行时会像滑翔机设计一样寻找猎物。因此，作者认为这是设计用于防止鸟击的无人机的新方法。