In this study, the effects of calcination on the structural properties and surface morphology of black volcanic ash were investigated. The chemical composition, texture properties, and thermal behavior of raw black volcanic ash were studied using x-ray fluorescence spectrometry, micromeritics surface area, porosity analyzer, and thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, respectively. According to the thermogravimetric results, the powder of raw volcanic ash was calcined at 800, 1000, and 1100 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy were employed to study the crystalline phase, mineralogical composition, and morphology of the calcinated volcanic ash. Based on the characterization of the XRD and Raman spectra, we observed that phase transformation started at 800 °C along with a change in color of volcanic ash from black to poor red. Moreover, the degree of crystallinity and peak intensity increased as the calcination tempera...

中文翻译：

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煅烧对黑火山灰结构性质和表面形态的影响

在这项研究中，研究了煅烧对黑色火山灰的结构性质和表面形态的影响。分别使用X射线荧光光谱法，微细观表面积，孔隙率分析仪以及热重分析和差示扫描量热法分析了粗黑火山灰的化学成分，织构性质和热行为。根据热重分析结果，将原始火山灰的粉末分别在800、1000和1100°C下煅烧。利用X射线衍射（XRD），拉曼光谱和电子显微镜研究了煅烧火山灰的结晶相，矿物组成和形态。根据XRD和拉曼光谱的表征，我们观察到相变始于800°C，同时火山灰的颜色从黑色变为不良的红色。而且，结晶度和峰强度随着煅烧温度的升高而增加。