Time series of global mean surface temperature are widely used to measure the rate of climate change that results from Earth’s energy imbalance. However, studies based on climate model simulations suggest that on annual-to-decadal timescales global ocean heat content is a more reliable indicator. Here we examine the observational evidence for this, drawing together multiple datasets that span the past ∼30 years. This observational analysis strongly supports the model-based finding that global ocean heat content and sea level are more reliable than surface temperature for monitoring Earth’s energy accumulation on these timescales. Global ocean temperature anomalies in the 0–100 m and 100–250 m layers are negatively correlated (r = −0.36), primarily explained by the influence of the Tropical Pacific, and a clearer heating signal is revealed by integrating over deeper ocean layers. The striking agreement between multiple independent datasets represents unequivocal evidence of ongoi...

中文翻译：

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从多个独立的数据集中观察1980年代以来的行星加热

全球平均地表温度的时间序列被广泛用于衡量由地球能量失衡导致的气候变化速率。但是，基于气候模型模拟的研究表明，在每年到十年的时间尺度上，全球海洋热量含量是一个更可靠的指标。在这里，我们检查了这方面的观测证据，将过去约30年的多个数据集汇总在一起。这项观测分析强烈支持基于模型的发现，即在这些时间尺度上，全球海洋热量和海平面要比地表温度更可靠，以监测地球的能量积累。0-100 m和100-250 m层的全球海洋温度异常呈负相关（r = -0.36），主要是由热带太平洋的影响所解释，通过整合更深的海洋层，可以显示更清晰的加热信号。多个独立数据集之间惊人的一致性代表了持续性的明确证据。