Recently, the XENON1T experiment has observed an excess in the electronic recoil data in the recoil energy range of $1$-$7$ keV. One of the most favored new physics interpretations is electron scattering with a boosted particle with a velocity of $\sim 0.1$ and a mass of $\gtrsim 0.1\,\mathrm{MeV}$. If such a particle has a strong interaction with electrons, it may affect the standard scenario of cosmology or be observed at low-threshold direct detection experiments. We study various constraints, mainly focusing on those from the big-bang nucleosynthesis, supernova cooling, and direct detection experiments. We discuss the implication of these constraints on electron-scattering interpretation of the XENON1T excess.

中文翻译：

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对 XENON1T 过量的电子散射解释的限制

最近，XENON1T 实验观察到在 $1$-$7$keV 的反冲能量范围内的电子反冲数据存在过剩。最受欢迎的新物理学解释之一是电子散射，增强粒子的速度为 $\sim 0.1$，质量为 $\gtrsim 0.1\,\mathrm{MeV}$。如果这样的粒子与电子有很强的相互作用，它可能会影响宇宙学的标准场景或在低阈值直接检测实验中被观察到。我们研究了各种约束，主要集中在大爆炸核合成、超新星冷却和直接检测实验中的约束。我们讨论了这些限制对 XENON1T 过量的电子散射解释的含义。