COVID-19 and home isolation has impacted quality of life, but the perceived impact on anxiety and sleep remains equivocal. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 and stay-at-home orders on self-report anxiety and sleep quality, with a focus on sex differences. We hypothesized that the COVID-19 pandemic would be associated with increased anxiety and decreased sleep quality, with stronger associations in women. One hundred three participants (61 female, 38 ± 1 years) reported perceived changes in anxiety and sleep quality due to stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic and were administered the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Chi-square and T test analyses were utilized to assess sex differences in reported anxiety and sleep. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the associations between reported impact of COVID-19 and anxiety/sleep parameters. Women (80.3%) reported higher prevalence of increased general anxiety due to COVID-19 when compared to men (50%; p = 0.001) and elevated STAI state anxiety compared to men (43 ± 1 vs. 38 ± 1 a.u., p = 0.007). Despite these differences in anxiety, the perceived impact of COVID-19 on PSQI was not different between sexes. However, when stratified by perceived changes in anxiety due to COVID-19, participants with higher anxiety responses to COVID-19 had higher ISI compared to those with no perceived changes in anxiety (9 ± 1 vs. 5 ± 1 a.u., p = 0.003). Additionally, participants who reported reduced sleep quality due to COVID-19 reported higher state anxiety (45 ± 1 a.u.) compared to those that perceived no change (36 ± 2 a.u., p = 0.002) or increased (36 ± 2 a.u., p < 0.001) sleep quality. COVID-19 and state-ordered home isolation was associated with higher anxiety and reduced sleep quality, with a stronger association in women with respect to anxiety.

中文翻译：

---

COVID-19 居家令期间自我报告焦虑和睡眠质量的性别差异


COVID-19 和居家隔离影响了生活质量，但对焦虑和睡眠的影响仍不明确。本研究的目的是评估 COVID-19 和居家令对自我报告焦虑和睡眠质量的影响，重点关注性别差异。我们假设，COVID-19 大流行与焦虑加剧和睡眠质量下降有关，其中女性的关联性更强。 103 名参与者（61 名女性，38 ± 1 岁）报告了由于 COVID-19 大流行期间的居家令而导致的焦虑和睡眠质量的变化，并接受了匹兹堡的斯皮尔伯格状态特质焦虑量表 (STAI)睡眠质量指数 (PSQI) 和失眠严重程度指数 (ISI)。利用卡方和 T 检验分析来评估报告的焦虑和睡眠的性别差异。协方差分析用于比较报告的 COVID-19 影响与焦虑/睡眠参数之间的关联。与男性 (50%; p = 0.001) 相比，女性 (80.3%) 报告称，因 COVID-19 导致的一般性焦虑增加的患病率更高，与男性相比，STAI 状态焦虑的患病率更高 (43 ± 1 vs. 38 ± 1 au，p = 0.007）。尽管焦虑存在这些差异，但人们对 COVID-19 对 PSQI 的影响的感知在性别之间并无差异。然而，当按因 COVID-19 导致的焦虑变化进行分层时，对 COVID-19 焦虑反应较高的参与者与没有焦虑变化的参与者相比，其 ISI 较高（9 ± 1 与 5 ± 1 au，p = 0.003 ）。此外，与那些认为没有变化（36 ± 2 au，p = 0.002）或增加（36 ± 2 au，p < 0.001) 睡眠质量。 COVID-19 和国家下令的家庭隔离与较高的焦虑和睡眠质量下降相关，其中女性与焦虑的相关性更强。