The idea to let machines play games like Chess is quite old, with the Turk11https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Turk&oldid=968314029 being one of the first hints. With the invention of computers, this idea got a new boost, and soon the first chess programs were presented. It took about 50 years until it was clear that the machines are superior chess players, far beyond the playing strengths of any human players. In the 1970s, the era of efficient search engines started and in 2004, the chess program Hydra clearly crossed the 3000 Elo mark, ahead of all other machines and human players. In this paper, we present a review on the chess program Hydra, on a technical level as well as from a social perspective.

中文翻译：

---

Hydra：报告和技术概述

让机器玩象棋这样的游戏的想法已经很古老了，Turk11https：//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php？title = The_Turk＆oldid = 968314029是第一个提示。随着计算机的发明，这个想法得到了新的推动，很快就出现了第一个国际象棋程序。大约50年后，人们才清楚知道这些机器是高级国际象棋棋手，远远超出了任何人类棋手的实力。在1970年代，高效搜索引擎的时代开始了，在2004年，象棋程序Hydra明显超过了3000 Elo，领先于所有其他机器和人类玩家。在本文中，我们从技术层面以及社会角度对国际象棋程序Hydra进行了综述。