Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a spectrum of disease; some patients develop a severe proinflammatory state which can be associated with a unique coagulopathy and procoagulant endothelial phenotype. Initially, COVID-19 infection produces a prominent elevation of fibrinogen and D-dimer/fibrin(ogen) degradation products. This is associated with systemic hypercoagulability and frequent venous thromboembolic events. The degree of D-dimer elevation positively correlates with mortality in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 also leads to arterial thrombotic events (including strokes and ischemic limbs) as well as microvascular thrombotic disorders (as frequently documented at autopsy in the pulmonary vascular beds). COVID-19 patients often have mild thrombocytopenia and appear to have increased platelet consumption, together with a corresponding increase in platelet production. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) and severe bleeding events are uncommon in COVID-19 patients. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of COVID-19 and hemostasis.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 疾病对血小板和凝血的影响

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 引起一系列疾病；一些患者会出现严重的促炎状态，这可能与独特的凝血病和促凝血内皮表型有关。最初，COVID-19 感染会导致纤维蛋白原和 D-二聚体/纤维蛋白（原）降解产物显着升高。这与全身高凝状态和频繁的静脉血栓栓塞事件有关。D-二聚体升高的程度与 COVID-19 患者的死亡率呈正相关。COVID-19 还会导致动脉血栓事件（包括中风和缺血性肢体）以及微血管血栓性疾病（如肺血管床尸检中经常记录的那样）。COVID-19 患者通常有轻度血小板减少症，并且似乎血小板消耗增加，伴随着血小板生成的相应增加。弥散性血管内凝血 (DIC) 和严重出血事件在 COVID-19 患者中并不常见。在这里，我们回顾了 COVID-19 和止血的当前知识状态。