Hybrid cylindrical roller thrust bearing washers of type 81212 were manufactured by tailored forming. An AISI 1022M base material, featuring a sufficient strength for structural loads, was cladded with the bearing steel AISI 52100 by plasma transferred arc welding (PTA). Though AISI 52100 is generally regarded as non-weldable, it could be applied as a cladding material by adjusting PTA parameters. The cladded parts were investigated after each individual process step and subsequently tested under rolling contact load. Welding defects that could not be completely eliminated by the subsequent hot forming were characterized by means of scanning acoustic microscopy and micrographs. Below the surface, pores with a typical size of ten µm were found to a depth of about 0.45 mm. In the material transition zone and between individual weld seams, larger voids were observed. Grinding of the surface after heat treatment caused compressive residual stresses near the surface with a relatively small depth. Fatigue tests were carried out on an FE8 test rig. Eighty-two percent of the calculated rating life for conventional bearings was achieved. A high failure slope of the Weibull regression was determined. A relationship between the weld defects and the fatigue behavior is likely.

中文翻译：

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AISI 52100滚动轴承滚道的量身定制研究

81212型混合圆柱滚子推力轴承垫圈是通过定制成型制造的。轴承钢AISI 52100通过等离子弧焊（PTA）包覆了AISI 1022M基础材料，该材料具有足够的结构载荷强度。尽管AISI 52100通常被认为是不可焊接的，但可以通过调整PTA参数将其用作包层材料。在每个单独的工艺步骤之后，都要对覆层零件进行研究，然后在滚动接触载荷下对其进行测试。借助于扫描声显微镜和显微照片表征不能通过随后的热成型完全消除的焊接缺陷。在表面之下，发现典型尺寸为10 µm的孔深度约为0.45 mm。在材料过渡区和各个焊缝之间，观察到较大的空隙。热处理后的表面磨削会在深度较小的表面附近产生压缩残余应力。疲劳试验在FE8试验台上进行。达到了常规轴承额定寿命的百分之八十二。确定了威布尔回归的高失效斜率。焊接缺陷和疲劳行为之间可能存在关系。