Non-bilaterian animals consist of four phyla; Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, and Placozoa. These early-diverging animals are crucial for understanding the evolution of the entire animal lineage. The Rho family of proteins make up a major branch of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, which function as key molecular switches that play important roles in converting and amplifying external signals into cellular responses. This review represents a compilation of the current knowledge on Rho-family GTPases in non-bilaterian animals, the available experimental data about their biochemical characteristics and functions, as well as original bioinformatics analysis, in order to gain a general insight into the evolutionary history of Rho-family GTPases in simple animals.

中文翻译：

---

早期分支动物中的Ras样GTPases Rho家族

非双性动物由四个门组成。Porifera，Cnidaria，Ctenophora和Placozoa。这些早期分化的动物对于理解整个动物谱系的进化至关重要。Rho蛋白家族构成了小GTP酶Ras超家族的主要分支，它是关键的分子开关，在将外部信号转换和放大为细胞反应中起着重要作用。这篇综述代表了当前关于非双足动物中Rho家族GTPases的知识，有关其生化特性和功能的可用实验数据以及原始的生物信息学分析的汇编，目的是为了获得有关其进化史的一般见解。简单动物中的Rho家族GTPases。