The inclusion of straw in high concentrate total mixed rations (TMRs) of male fattening goats can provide the necessary fiber to prevent ruminal acidosis and maintain growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the physical form (PF) of the diet (pelleted vs. conventional) and the straw level (SL) of wheat straw (WS) (15% versus 25%) in total mixed rations on feed intake, growth, total tract digestibility, and blood metabolites of fattening goats. Thirty-two male Beetal goats (27.4 ± 0.28 kg body weight (BW)) were divided randomly into the following four dietary treatments with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (n = 8/treatment): (1) CTMR15 (conventional TMR containing 15% WS), (2) CTMR25 (conventional TMR containing 25% WS), (3) PTMR15 (pelleted TMR containing 15% WS), and (4) PTMR25 (pelleted TMR containing 25% WS). Both conventional and pelleted 15% WS TMR had 33.7% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 19.3% acid detergent fiber (ADF), whereas in 25% WS TMR the NDF and ADF contents were 38.7% and 22.9%, respectively. The experimental diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous (crude protein (CP) = 15%). The dry matter intake (DMI) (1.265 vs. 1.044 kg/day) and average daily gain (ADG) (0.176 vs. 0.143 kg/day) were higher (p < 0.05) in pelleted vs. conventional TMR-fed goats. Irrespective of the PF of the TMR, the 15% WS-fed animals had greater (p < 0.05) DMI (1.206 vs. 1.102 kg/day) and ADG (0.172 vs. 0.144 kg) when compared to those fed on 25% WS diets. Furthermore, feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) was higher (p < 0.05) in the 25% WS-fed goats when compared with the 15% WS-fed animals. Digestibility coefficients, nitrogen balancing, hepatic enzymes, blood metabolites, and hematological parameters were similar (p > 0.05) across all treatments. In conclusion, feeding pelleted TMR with WS improved DMI and growth performance as compared to those fed conventional TMR, and 15% WS performed better than 25% WS without exerting any adverse effects on blood metabolites, liver enzymes, or hematological parameters.

中文翻译：

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麦秸包裹体形态和水平对育肥山羊生长性能和血液代谢的影响

在雄性育肥山羊的高浓缩总混合日粮（TMR）中包含稻草可以提供必要的纤维，以防止瘤胃酸中毒并保持生长。这项研究的目的是评估日粮的物理形式（颗粒状与常规形式）和小麦秸秆（WS）的秸秆水平（SL）（15％对25％）对总混合日粮的影响。对增肥山羊的采食量，生长，总道消化率和血液代谢产物的影响。将32只雄性Beetle山羊（27.4±0.28千克体重（BW））随机分为以下4种采用2×2因数排列的饮食方法（n= 8 /次治疗）：（1）CTMR15（含15％WS的常规TMR），（2）CTMR25（含25％WS的常规TMR），（3）PTMR15（含15％WS的丸状TMR），以及（4）PTMR25 （含25％WS的丸状TMR）。常规和造粒的15％WS TMR均具有33.7％的中性洗涤剂纤维（NDF）和19.3％的酸性洗涤剂纤维（ADF），而在25％WS TMR中，NDF和ADF的含量分别为38.7％和22.9％。将实验饮食配制为等氮（粗蛋白（CP）= 15％）。与常规TMR饲喂的山羊相比，颗粒饲料的干物质摄入量（DMI）（1.265 vs. 1.044 kg /天）和平均日增重（ADG）（0.176 vs. 0.143 kg / day）更高（p <0.05）。不论TMR的PF值如何，由WS喂养的15％的动物都具有更大的（p<0.05）与以25％WS日粮喂养的人相比，DMI（1.206对1.102千克/天）和ADG（0.172对0.144千克/天）。此外，与15％WS饲喂的动物相比，25％WS饲喂的山羊的饲料增重比（F：G）更高（p <0.05）。在所有处理中，消化系数，氮平衡，肝酶，血液代谢产物和血液学参数均相似（p > 0.05）。总之，与常规TMR相比，用WS喂养粒状TMR可以改善DMI和生长性能，并且15％WS优于25％WS，并且不会对血液代谢产物，肝酶或血液学参数产生任何不利影响。