ABSTRACT

Introduction

Nanodiamond (ND) refers to diamond particles with sizes from few to near 100 nanometers. For its superb physical, chemical and spectroscopic properties, it has been proposed and studied with the aims for bio imaging and drug delivery. Many modalities on conjugating drug molecules on ND to form ND-X for more efficient drug delivery have been demonstrated in the cellular and animal models.

Area covered

Many novel drug delivery approaches utilizing nanodiamond as a platform have been demonstrated recently. This review summarizes recent developments on the nanodiamond facilitated drug delivery, from the ND-X complexes preparations to tests in the cellular and animal models. The outlook on clinical translation is discussed.

Expert opinion

Nanodiamond and drug complexes (ND-X) produced from different methods are realized for drug delivery; almost all studies reported ND-X being more efficient compared to pure drug alone. However, ND of particle size less than 10 nm are found more toxic due to size and surface structure, and strongly aggregate. In vivo studies demonstrate ND accumulation in animal organs and no confirmed long-term effect studies on their release from organs are available. Standardized nanodiamond materials and drug delivery approaches are needed to advance the applications to the clinical level.

中文翻译：

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纳米金刚石介导的药物递送在癌症中的最新进展的综述

摘要

介绍

纳米金刚石（ND）是指尺寸从几纳米到近100纳米的金刚石颗粒。由于其极好的物理，化学和光谱性质，已经提出并研究了其用于生物成像和药物递送的目的。在细胞和动物模型中，已经证明了将ND上的药物分子结合以形成ND-X以便更有效地递送药物的许多方式。

覆盖面积

最近已经证明了许多利用纳米金刚石作为平台的新型药物递送方法。这篇综述总结了从ND-X复合物的制备到细胞和动物模型测试中纳米金刚石促进药物输送的最新进展。讨论了临床翻译的前景。

专家意见

实现了用不同方法生产的纳米金刚石和药物复合物（ND-X）进行药物递送；几乎所有研究都表明，ND-X与单纯的纯药物相比更有效。然而，由于尺寸和表面结构，发现小于10 nm的ND毒性更大，并且强烈聚集。体内研究表明ND在动物器官中蓄积，尚无关于其从器官中释放的经过证实的长期效果研究。需要标准化的纳米金刚石材料和药物输送方法，以将应用推进到临床水平。