Focal beam analysis has built a bridge between the acquisition parameters on the surface and the image quality of underground targets. However, as a practical matter, it is still difficult to answer how to choose a proper acquisition geometry according to the complexity of medium, especially considering the contradictory effects of multiple reflections on spatial resolution as they can be considered to be either potential signal or additional noise, depending on the envisioned imaging technology. We introduce an order‐controlled, closed‐loop focal beam method in which the migration operator and the resolution function can be analysed in the process of the closed‐loop migration with full control over the order of the surface and internal multiples considered. This method highlights the effects of primary and different‐order multiple wavefields on the imaging resolution for different acquisition geometries and various overburden strata. We apply the method to analyse the predicted resolution of seismic acquisition geometries considering multiples as either noise or signal. Results show, in the acquisition geometry design, that when the primaries cannot provide a complete spatial illumination for the subsurface target, e.g. because of the limited‐aperture acquisition geometries or the complicated overburden, we should use the closed‐loop focal beam analysis to assess the contradictory effects of multiples as both signal and noise, in which the maximum order of multiples ought to be chosen according to the core aim of the acquisition analysis. We can apply the second‐order closed‐loop focal beam analysis to quantify the effects of acquisition geometries on multiple‐wave suppression and can also perform the high‐order closed‐loop focal beam analysis to quantify the effects of acquisition geometries on high‐resolution imaging (migration). This method can also be used to choose the optimal order of multiples in the closed‐loop migration.

中文翻译：

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地震采集几何的阶跃控制闭环聚焦光束和一次和多次反射的分辨率比较

聚焦光束分析在地面的采集参数和地下目标的图像质量之间架起了桥梁。但是，实际上，仍然很难回答如何根据介质的复杂性来选择合适的采集几何形状，尤其是考虑到多次反射对空间分辨率的矛盾影响，因为它们可以被视为潜在信号或附加信号。噪声，取决于预想的成像技术。我们介绍了一种顺序控制的闭环焦点波束法，该方法可以在闭环迁移过程中分析迁移算符和分辨率函数，并且可以完全控制所考虑的曲面和内部倍数的阶数。该方法突出显示了原始和不同阶次多波场对不同采集几何形状和各种覆盖层的成像分辨率的影响。我们应用该方法来分析地震采集几何的预测分辨率，将倍数视为噪声或信号。结果表明，在采集几何设计中，当原色不能为地下目标提供完整的空间照明时，例如，由于孔径有限的采集几何或复杂的覆盖层，我们应该使用闭环聚焦光束分析来评估倍数作为信号和噪声的矛盾效应，应根据采集分析的核心目标选择倍数的最大阶数。我们可以应用二阶闭环聚焦光束分析来量化采集几何形状对多波抑制的影响，也可以执行高阶闭环聚焦光束分析以量化采集几何形状对高分辨率的影响成像（迁移）。此方法还可用于在闭环迁移中选择最佳倍数顺序。