Plants growing at high densities interact via a multitude of pathways. Here, we provide an overview of mechanisms and functional consequences of plant architectural responses initiated by light cues that occur in dense vegetation. We will review the current state of knowledge about shade avoidance, as well as its possible applications. On an individual level, plants perceive neighbour‐associated changes in light quality and quantity mainly with phytochromes for red and far‐red light and cryptochromes and phototropins for blue light. Downstream of these photoreceptors, elaborate signalling and integration takes place with the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS, several hormones and other regulators. This signalling leads to the shade avoidance responses, consisting of hyponasty, stem and petiole elongation, apical dominance and life cycle adjustments. Architectural changes of the individual plant have consequences for the plant community, affecting canopy structure, species composition and population fitness. In this context, we highlight the ecological, evolutionary and agricultural importance of shade avoidance.

中文翻译：

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光信号在密集的树冠中塑造植物与植物的相互作用

以高密度生长的植物通过多种途径相互作用。在这里，我们概述了由密集植被中发生的光线索引发的植物建筑反应的机制和功能后果。我们将回顾有关避免遮荫的知识现状及其可能的应用。在个体层面上，植物主要通过红光和远红光的光敏色素以及蓝光的隐花色素和向光素来感知与邻近相关的光质量和数量的变化。在这些光感受器的下游，精细的信号传导和整合发生在光敏色素相互作用因子中，几种激素和其他调节剂。这种信号导致避荫反应，包括低矮、茎和叶柄伸长、顶端优势和生命周期调整。单个植物的结构变化会对植物群落产生影响，影响冠层结构、物种组成和种群适应性。在这种情况下，我们强调避荫的生态、进化和农业重要性。