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Proteasomal dysfunction and ER stress triggers 2′‐hydroxy‐retrochalcone‐induced paraptosis in cancer cells
Cell Biology International ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-13 , DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11480
Divya Nedungadi 1 , Anupama Binoy 1 , Nanjan Pandurangan 1 , Bipin G Nair 1 , Nandita Mishra 1
Affiliation  

Chalcones are biologically active class of compounds, known for their anticancer activities. Here we show for the first time that out of the six synthetic derivatives of chalcone tested, 2′‐hydroxy‐retrochalcone (HRC) was the most effective in inducing extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation mediated death called paraptosis in malignant breast and cervical cancer cells. The cell death by HRC is found to be nonapoptotic in nature due to the absence of DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage, and phosphatidylserine externalization. It was also found to be nonautophagic as there was an increase in the levels of autophagic markers LC3I, LC3II and p62. Immunofluorescence with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker protein calreticulin showed that the cytoplasmic vacuoles formed were derived from the ER. This ER dilation was due to ER stress as evidenced from the increase in polyubiquitinated proteins, Bip and CHOP. Docking studies revealed that HRC could bind to the Thr1 residue on the active site of the chymotrypsin‐like subunit of the proteasome. The inhibition of proteasomal activity was further confirmed by the fluorescence based assay of the chymotrypsin‐like subunit of the 26S proteasome. The cell death by HRC was also triggered by the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and depletion of ATP. Pretreatment with thiol antioxidants and cycloheximide were able to inhibit this programmed cell death. Thus our data suggest that HRC can effectively kill cancer cells via paraptosis, an alternative death pathway and can be a potential lead molecule for anticancer therapy.

中文翻译:

蛋白酶体功能障碍和内质网应激触发癌细胞中 2'-羟基-逆查尔酮诱导的细胞凋亡

查耳酮是一类具有生物活性的化合物,以其抗癌活性而闻名。在这里,我们首次表明,在所测试的六种查耳酮合成衍生物中,2'-羟基-逆转录查耳酮 (HRC) 在诱导广泛的细胞质空泡化介导的死亡方面最有效,称为恶性乳腺癌和宫颈癌细胞的细胞凋亡。由于不存在 DNA 片段化、PARP 裂解和磷脂酰丝氨酸外化,HRC 导致的细胞死亡在本质上是非凋亡的。还发现它是非自噬的,因为自噬标志物 LC3I、LC3II 和 p62 的水平增加。内质网 (ER) 标记蛋白钙网蛋白的免疫荧光表明,形成的细胞质液泡来源于 ER。这种内质网扩张是由于内质网应激,多泛素化蛋白 Bip 和 CHOP 的增加证明了这一点。对接研究表明,HRC 可以与蛋白酶体胰凝乳蛋白酶样亚基活性位点上的 Thr1 残基结合。通过对 26S 蛋白酶体的糜蛋白酶样亚基进行基于荧光的测定,进一步证实了蛋白酶体活性的抑制。HRC 引起的细胞死亡也由线粒体膜电位的崩溃和 ATP 的消耗引发。用硫醇抗氧化剂和放线菌酮预处理能够抑制这种程序性细胞死亡。因此,我们的数据表明,HRC 可以通过细胞凋亡(一种替代的死亡途径)有效杀死癌细胞,并且可以成为抗癌治疗的潜在先导分子。对接研究表明,HRC 可以与蛋白酶体胰凝乳蛋白酶样亚基活性位点上的 Thr1 残基结合。通过对 26S 蛋白酶体的糜蛋白酶样亚基进行基于荧光的测定,进一步证实了蛋白酶体活性的抑制。HRC 引起的细胞死亡也由线粒体膜电位的崩溃和 ATP 的消耗引发。用硫醇抗氧化剂和放线菌酮预处理能够抑制这种程序性细胞死亡。因此,我们的数据表明,HRC 可以通过细胞凋亡(一种替代的死亡途径)有效杀死癌细胞,并且可以成为抗癌治疗的潜在先导分子。对接研究表明,HRC 可以与蛋白酶体胰凝乳蛋白酶样亚基活性位点上的 Thr1 残基结合。通过对 26S 蛋白酶体的糜蛋白酶样亚基进行基于荧光的测定,进一步证实了蛋白酶体活性的抑制。HRC 引起的细胞死亡也由线粒体膜电位的崩溃和 ATP 的消耗引发。用硫醇抗氧化剂和放线菌酮预处理能够抑制这种程序性细胞死亡。因此,我们的数据表明,HRC 可以通过细胞凋亡(一种替代的死亡途径)有效杀死癌细胞,并且可以成为抗癌治疗的潜在先导分子。通过对 26S 蛋白酶体的糜蛋白酶样亚基进行基于荧光的测定,进一步证实了蛋白酶体活性的抑制。HRC 引起的细胞死亡也由线粒体膜电位的崩溃和 ATP 的消耗引发。用硫醇抗氧化剂和放线菌酮预处理能够抑制这种程序性细胞死亡。因此,我们的数据表明,HRC 可以通过一种替代的死亡途径——paraptosis 有效杀死癌细胞,并且可以成为抗癌治疗的潜在先导分子。通过对 26S 蛋白酶体的胰凝乳蛋白酶样亚基进行基于荧光的测定,进一步证实了蛋白酶体活性的抑制。HRC 引起的细胞死亡也由线粒体膜电位的崩溃和 ATP 的消耗引发。用硫醇抗氧化剂和放线菌酮预处理能够抑制这种程序性细胞死亡。因此,我们的数据表明,HRC 可以通过细胞凋亡(一种替代的死亡途径)有效杀死癌细胞,并且可以成为抗癌治疗的潜在先导分子。
更新日期:2020-10-13
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