Abstract The Magdalena River is the longest inter-Andean river in Northern South America. We focus on the middlesection calling attention to the implication of a geoarchaeological approach to understanding the role of depositional and erosional processes over time in the preservation and destruction of archaeological sites. Most likely the majority of the earliest Preceramic deposits - predating ca 12,900 BP - left in ancient shores and terraces, were erased or buried. Archaeological early remains are recorded on the alluvial paleo-terraces and piedmont hillslopes of the lowlands throughout the Pleistocene/Holocene Transition, during and after the El Abra Stadial - equivalent to the Younger Dryas period (ca. 12,900–11,700 cal BP). From the Terminal Pleistocene through the Middle Holocene specialized hunter-gatherers occupied floodplains and alluvial fan surfaces, as well as the relict high terraces remnants. The presence of industries with bifacial tools, - such as triangular stemmed points, and pressure retouched well finished tools (plano-convex scrapers) - occurred only throughout preceramic times. Climatic changes (above all precipitation variability), vegetation belt shifts and volcanism have affected geomorphic shifts in the lowlands of the Magdalena Valley. These changes are primarily responsible for the limited evidence of preceramic occupations. The early archaeological record is a dependent variable in the larger context of an evolving landscape. This relationship is critically important in evaluating the importance of the Magdalena Valley in the early settlement of the Northwest South American lowlands.

中文翻译：

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哥伦比亚（南美洲）安第斯马格达莱纳山谷之间的景观变化和早期人口

摘要 马格达莱纳河是南美洲北部最长的安第斯山脉间河流。我们专注于中间部分，提醒人们注意地质考古方法的含义，以了解随着时间的推移沉积和侵蚀过程在考古遗址保护和破坏中的作用。最有可能的是，大部分最早的 Preceramic 矿床 - 早于约 12,900 BP - 留在古老的海岸和梯田中，已被抹去或掩埋。在整个更新世/全新世过渡期间，在 El Abra Stadial 期间和之后，考古早期遗迹记录在低地的冲积古梯田和山前山坡上 - 相当于新仙女木时期（约 12,900-11,700 cal BP）。从更新世末期到全新世中期，专门的狩猎采集者占领了洪泛平原和冲积扇面，以及残留的高台地遗迹。使用双面工具的行业（例如三角形茎尖和压力修饰的精加工工具（平凸刮刀））仅在整个陶瓷前期出现。气候变化（尤其是降水变化）、植被带变化和火山作用影响了马格达莱纳谷低地的地貌变化。这些变化是造成陶瓷前职业证据有限的主要原因。早期的考古记录是在不断变化的景观的更大背景下的一个因变量。