This paper summarizes the achievements of one of the themes in the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project. Consisting mainly of researchers of human and social sciences, the theme was designed to connect the achievements of other themes to stakeholders and policymakers. According to our research method, this paper proceeds the discussion in three research areas. First, economic development in the Arctic will be analyzed. While climate warming has escalated in the Arctic, the possibility of using the Northern Sea Route and of developing underground resources is expanding. The sustainability of this development will be investigated to identify the future prospects of economic activity. Second, interaction between humans and the environment will be considered. Based on the information collected through fieldwork in East Siberia, interior Alaska, and Greenland, it will be illustrated how human and natural factors in environmental change are intricately interwoven. Third, various issues concerning Arctic governance will be discussed. Several points such as Arctic legal policy, international relations, and the involvement of indigenous people in resource governance will be key issues of the discussion. After showing these achievements of the project, future challenges of Arctic study will be indicated.

本文总结了北极可持续性挑战（ArCS）项目中一个主题的成就。该主题主要由人类和社会科学的研究人员组成，旨在将其他主题的成就与利益相关者和决策者联系起来。根据我们的研究方法，本文在三个研究领域进行了讨论。首先，将分析北极的经济发展。尽管北极地区的气候变暖加剧，但使用北海航线和开发地下资源的可能性正在扩大。将对这一发展的可持续性进行调查，以确定经济活动的未来前景。其次，将考虑人与环境之间的相互作用。根据东西伯利亚实地调查收集的信息，室内阿拉斯加和格陵兰岛，将说明环境变化中人与自然因素如何错综复杂地交织在一起。第三，将讨论有关北极治理的各种问题。北极的法律政策，国际关系以及土著人民参与资源治理等问题将成为讨论的关键问题。在展示了项目的这些成就之后，将指出北极研究的未来挑战。