With the popularity of refrigerants in the process industries, the potential safety problems caused by the use of refrigerants have attracted worldwide attention as people have realized the inherent explosion characteristics of refrigerants themselves. This paper studied the explosion characteristics of refrigerant 2, 3, 3, 3–tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf) at different concentrations and initial pressures based on a 20 L sphere explosion vessel. The experimental results illustrated the peak overpressure of R1234yf increased with the rise of initial pressure. At a constant ambient temperature of 25 °C, the maximum rate of pressure rise and deflagration index showed an N-shaped trend with the increase of the refrigerant concentration from 6.8% to 10%. The maximum rate of pressure rise and deflagration index increased first and then decreased with the increase of the refrigerant concentration from at atmospheric pressure, while they presented an M-shaped trend at pressurization condition. The peak overpressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise, and deflagration index reached 0.742 MPa, 4.04 MPa s⁻¹, and 1.1 MPa.m.s⁻¹ with a refrigerant concentration of 7.6%, respectively, which were less than those of refrigerant R290 and R32 at the optimal concentration. Furthermore, R1234yf exhibited better safety performance compared with refrigerant R32 in the same flammability classification.

随着制冷剂在加工业中的普及，由于人们已经认识到制冷剂本身固有的爆炸特性，使用制冷剂引起的潜在安全问题已引起全世界的关注。本文基于20 L球形爆炸容器，研究了不同浓度和初始压力下的制冷剂2、3、3、3-四氟丙烯（R1234yf）的爆炸特性。实验结果表明，R1234yf的峰值超压随初始压力的升高而增加。在25°C的恒定环境温度下，随着制冷剂浓度从6.8％增加到10％，最大压力升高和爆燃指数呈N形趋势。从大气压开始，随着制冷剂浓度的增加，最大压力上升率和爆燃指数先上升然后下降，而在加压条件下它们呈现出M形趋势。峰值超压，最大压力上升率和爆燃指数分别达到0.742 MPa，4.04 MPa s^-1和1.1 MPa.ms ^-1的制冷剂浓度分别为7.6％，低于最佳浓度的制冷剂R290和R32的制冷剂浓度。此外，在可燃性等级相同的情况下，与制冷剂R32相比，R1234yf表现出更好的安全性能。