Fire safety in urban areas is gaining more attention along with the rapid development of urbanization and the increasing complexity of urban structures. Many fire spread models have been developed to support emergency decision making. However, most of them only investigate on single scenarios (forest fire or house fire) and usually have difficulty in balancing model accuracy and timeliness, which makes it hard to apply these models to large-scale heterogeneous scenarios. In this paper, we developed a fire spread model based on the heterogeneous Cellular Automata model for large-scale complex wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas. The model flexibly integrates a forest fire model and a house fire model based on thermal principles and empirical statistics. A software platform is developed based on the fire spread model correspondingly to validate its performance. Taking a real WUI fire occurred in California as a case study, we conducted comparative simulation experiments based on our software platform and widely used forest fire simulation software FlamMap6. The experimental results show that our model can simulate fire spread process with high efficiency, strong timeliness, and competitive accuracy, providing support on emergency decision-making of large-scale complex fire scenarios.

随着城市化的快速发展和城市结构的日益复杂，城市的消防安全越来越受到关注。已经开发了许多火灾蔓延模型来支持紧急决策。但是，它们中的大多数仅在单个场景（森林火灾或房屋火灾）上进行调查，并且通常难以平衡模型的准确性和及时性，这使得很难将这些模型应用于大型异构场景。在本文中，我们针对异质元胞自动机模型，针对大规模复杂的野地-城市界面（WUI）地区开发了火势蔓延模型。该模型基于热原理和经验统计数据灵活地集成了森林火灾模型和房屋火灾模型。基于火势蔓延模型开发了相应的软件平台，以验证其性能。以加利福尼亚发生的真实WUI火灾为例，我们基于我们的软件平台和广泛使用的森林火灾模拟软件进行了比较模拟实验FlamMap6。实验结果表明，该模型能够高效，快速，有竞争力地模拟火灾蔓延过程，为大型复杂火灾场景的应急决策提供支持。