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Environmental impacts on walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) distribution across the Bering Sea shelf
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2020.104881
Lisa B. Eisner , Yury I. Zuenko , Eugene O. Basyuk , Lyle L. Britt , Janet T. Duffy-Anderson , Stan Kotwicki , Carol Ladd , Wei Cheng

Adult and juvenile (age-1) walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) were sampled by the US NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center summer bottom trawl survey in 2010, 2017, 2018, and 2019 in the northeastern and southeastern Bering Sea, with profiles of temperature collected concurrently. Similarly, the Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Pacific branch, collected adult and juvenile pollock and temperature profiles on summer bottom trawl surveys in the northwestern Bering Sea. Results from these surveys show that adult pollock abundance in recent years (2017, 2018, 2019) has increased in northern regions of the Bering Sea shelf in both the US and Russian sectors. Lower abundances, compared to historic means, were observed in southern regions of the shelf, suggesting the pollock moved directionally from the south to the north. We relate changes in pollock distribution in recent intermediate (2017) and warm, low-ice years (2018–2019) to a prior cold, high-ice year (2010) and describe how these observations relate to our longer time series. We link temperature data from bottom trawl surveys (US and Russian), sea-ice indices (retreat timing and extent), as well as model-based estimates of ocean circulation to changes in pollock distribution and examine potential environmental factors driving the observed changes. Changes in sea-ice and bottom temperature (e.g., reductions in ice extent and shrinking of the cold pool), and changes in circulation (stronger northward currents over the northeastern shelf in warmer years, particularly in 2018) led to changes in distributions of adult and age-1 pollock. Adult pollock were concentrated north of St. Lawrence Island and had larger longitudinal distributions in warm years, 2017–2019; whereas they had a more southerly and narrow distribution over the outer shelf in the cold year, 2010. Age-1 pollock had higher densities over the inner eastern shelf in 2017–2019 compared to 2010. Northward flow around St. Lawrence Island (particularly in the spring) alternated between stronger flow on the west side of the island in 2010 and 2017 and stronger flow on the east side of the island in 2018 and 2019; variations in flow may have impacted the location of prey and movement of feeding pollock to the Chukchi Sea. Size structure comparisons between NW, NE and SE sections of the Bering Sea shelf suggest that movement of fish between US and Russian waters may have been highest in 2019, one of the two warmest years, and lowest in 2010, the coldest year. Spatial comparisons of distributions and size structure across the Bering Sea help provide a comprehensive view of factors affecting the movement of this highly important commercial fish species.



中文翻译:

环境影响白令海陆架上的角膜白鳕(Gadus chalcogrammus)分布

成年和少年(1岁)角膜鳕(Gadus chalcogrammus)是由美国NOAA阿拉斯加渔业科学中心于2010年,2017年,2018年和2019年在白令海的东北和东南部进行的夏季底拖网调查抽样的,同时采集了温度曲线。同样,俄罗斯渔业和海洋学研究院太平洋分院在白令海西北部夏季拖网调查中收集了成年和少年的鳕和温度分布图。这些调查的结果表明,近年来(2017年,2018年,2019年)在美国和俄罗斯的白令海陆架北部地区成年鳕的丰度有所增加。与历史手段相比,在该大陆架的南部地区发现丰度较低,这表明狭鳕从南向北定向移动。我们将最近中期(2017年)和温暖,低冰年份(2018-2019年)的鳕鱼分布变化与先前的寒冷,高冰年份(2010年)联系起来,并描述这些观测值与我们较长时间序列的关系。我们将海底拖网调查(美国和俄罗斯)的温度数据,海冰指数(退缩时间和范围)以及基于模型的海洋环流估计值与鳕鱼分布的变化联系起来,并研究驱动观测变化的潜在环境因素。海冰和底部温度的变化(例如,冰量减少和冷水池缩小)以及环流的变化(在较暖的年份,特别是在2018年,东北陆架上的北向气流更强)导致了成年人分布的变化。和1岁的鳕。成年狭鳕集中在圣北部。劳伦斯岛,在2017-2019年的温暖年份具有较大的纵向分布;而在2010年的寒冷年份,它们在外陆架的分布更偏南和狭窄。与2010年相比,2017-2019年年龄1的鳕鱼在东部内陆架的密度更高。圣劳伦斯岛周围的北向流(特别是在春季)在岛上西侧2010年和2017年的流量增加与岛上东侧2018年和2019年的流量增加之间交替变化; 流量的变化可能会影响猎物的位置以及将狭鳕喂入楚科奇海的活动。白令海陆架西北,东北和东南部分的大小结构比较表明,美国和俄罗斯水域之间的鱼类运动可能在2019年最高,是最温暖的两年之一,而在2010年则是最低的,最冷的一年。

更新日期:2020-12-17
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