As soybean is highly sensitive to photoperiod, and the cultivation area of soybean is restricted to a narrow latitude region. The adaptability of soybean growth across wide latitude areas is owing to the rich variations of genes conditioning the flowering time and maturity. Identification of new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and validation of the potential genes are beneficial to clarify the complex regulatory network in the photoperiod pathway. In the present study, high-density genetic maps were performed using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) with two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations developed from the crosses between cultivated soybean varieties, Noir × Archer (NA) and Noir × M336-1 (NM) for evaluating the traits of flowering time (R1), maturity (R8), and reproductive period (RP) under long-day (LD) conditions. In total, we identified four stable QTLs on chromosomes 4, 6, 18, and 19 in NA and NM RILs. The QTLs on chromosomes 6 and 19 corresponded to the maturity genes E1 and E3, respectively. Another major QTL on chromosome 18 was detected in both NA and NM populations and played pivotal roles in the regulation of flowering time, maturity, and reproductive period. The QTL mapped to chromosome 4 was shown to mainly regulate the maturity time by affecting the post-flowering stage in NA population. The results in this study will provide new loci and fundamental resources to elucidate the genetic basis related to flowering, maturity, and reproductive period and will be helpful for further research on soybean flowering and molecular breeding under LD conditions.

由于大豆对光周期高度敏感，因此大豆的种植面积被限制在狭窄的纬度区域。大豆生长在宽纬地区的适应性是由于调节开花时间和成熟度的基因的丰富变异。新的定量性状基因座（QTL）的鉴定和潜在基因的验证有利于阐明光周期途径中的复杂调控网络。在本研究中，使用按测序进行基因分型（GBS）进行了高密度遗传图谱，其中两个重组自交系（RIL）群体是从栽培大豆品种Noir×Archer（NA）和Noir×M336- 1（NM）用于评估在长日（LD）条件下的开花时间（R1），成熟度（R8）和生殖期（RP）的特征。总共，我们在NA和NM RILs中鉴定了4、6、18和19号染色体上的四个稳定QTL。染色体6和19上的QTL与成熟基因相对应分别为E1和E3。在NA和NM种群中均检测到第18号染色体上的另一个主要QTL，并且在调节开花时间，成熟度和生殖期方面起着关键作用。研究表明，定位于4号染色体的QTL主要通过影响NA种群的花后阶段来调节成熟时间。这项研究的结果将为阐明与开花，成熟和生殖期有关的遗传基础提供新的基因座和基础资源，并将有助于进一步研究LD条件下大豆的开花和分子育种。