Background

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a leading cause of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Despite cSVD cognitive profile is thought to be mainly characterized by attention and executive functions deficits, there is no definite agreement on the standards for its evaluation. This systematic review aims at identifying cognitive domains and neuropsychological tools specifically chosen in the assessment of cognitive impairment related to cSVD, and the temporal and geographic trends in their utilization.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, original articles focused on cSVD patient samples neuropsychologically evaluated were searched using PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO databases without language or time restrictions (PROSPERO registration number CRD42018089882; date 27-02-2018).

Results

We screened 13,688 studies and included 298 in the qualitative data synthesis. Global cognitive functioning and attention/executive functions were the most evaluated domains (87% and 69%, respectively). Mini Mental State Examination was the most used screening tool (73%), followed by MoCA (14%) whose utilization rapidly increased over the last years. The most frequently used second level tests were phonemic and semantic fluencies (39% and 30%, respectively), Trail Making Test (TMT) part A and B (31% and 32%, respectively), Stroop (31.5%), and Boston naming (30%). All tests resulted stably utilized over time, except for semantic fluency and Stroop whose use increased. Phonemic fluency and Boston naming were the most used in North America (51% and 45%, respectively), TMT in Europe (43%), and Stroop and semantic fluency in Asia (43% and 40%, respectively).

Conclusions

This systematic review confirms that attention/executive functions domain is the most commonly evaluated in cSVD together with lexical retrieval abilities based on executive control processes. Temporal and geographic variability emerged in the choice of tests.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018089882 (27-02-2018).

中文翻译：

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脑小血管疾病的认知评估：参考标准的循证鉴定。第 1 部分。系统评价和定性数据合成

背景

脑小血管病 (cSVD) 是老年人认知障碍的主要原因。尽管 cSVD 认知特征被认为主要以注意力和执行功能缺陷为特征，但对其评估标准没有明确的一致意见。本系统评价旨在确定在评估与 cSVD 相关的认知障碍时专门选择的认知领域和神经心理学工具，以及它们使用的时间和地理趋势。

方法

遵循 PRISMA 指南，使用 PubMed、Scopus 和 PsycINFO 数据库搜索了专注于神经心理学评估的 cSVD 患者样本的原始文章，没有语言或时间限制（PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42018089882；日期 27-02-2018）。

结果

我们筛选了 13,688 项研究，并将 298 项纳入定性数据合成。全球认知功能和注意力/执行功能是评估最多的领域（分别为 87% 和 69%）。迷你精神状态检查是最常用的筛查工具 (73%)，其次是 MoCA (14%)，其使用率在过去几年中迅速增加。最常用的二级测试是音素和语义流畅度（分别为 39% 和 30%）、Trail Making Test (TMT) 部分 A 和 B（分别为 31% 和 32%）、Stroop（31.5%）和波士顿命名 (30%)。除了语义流畅性和 Stroop 的使用增加外，所有测试结果都随着时间的推移稳定使用。音素流畅度和波士顿命名在北美使用最多（分别为 51% 和 45%），欧洲使用 TMT（43%），亚洲使用 Stroop 和语义流畅度（分别为 43% 和 40%，

结论

该系统评价证实，注意力/执行功能域是 cSVD 中最常评估的，以及基于执行控制过程的词汇检索能力。在选择测试时出现了时间和地理差异。

PROSPERO 注册号

CRD42018089882 (27-02-2018)。