According to the temperature and duration of the vernalization stage, three types of varieties adapted to different environments were bred in rapeseed breeding: spring, semi-winter, and winter type. Usually in a particular rapeseed producing area, only one type (spring or winter) is cultivated and almost none of the rapeseed varieties can adapt to both environments, which is mainly caused by the strong G × E, but how G × E affected yield-related traits is still unclear in rapeseed. In the present study, we tried to perform QTL mapping and dissect G × E into QTL × environments interactions (QTL × E) for seven yield traits in a DH population derived from No.2127 (a spring DH line) × ZY821 (a semi-winter cultivar) using a high-density SNP bin map. We described the impact of QTL × E on the genetic control of yield traits. Firstly, for the same trait of the same DH line, significant phenotypic difference for all the seven traits were observed when grown in the spring and semi-winter environment, respectively. Secondly, for five out of seven traits, the broad-sense heritability in the spring (adaptive) environment was higher over the semi-winter (stress) environment. Thirdly, total 74 non-redundant QTL including 26 consensus QTL and 48 trial-specific ones were detected, the positive additive effects of QTL were dispersed in both parents for all the seven traits. Among the 26 consensus QTL, eleven were specific to the spring or semi-winter environment, and the other 15 were common between the two environments, including four for flowering time (FT), and four for silique length (SL), 3 for thousand seed weight (TSW), each of them explained 6.4–26.1% of the phenotypic variation. Our results revealed that QTL × E for the seven yield-related traits mainly reflected by the environment-specific QTL, partly reflected by the same QTL with different expressions. These findings provided a better understanding of the genetic basis of QTL × E affected yield-related traits in rapeseed.

中文翻译：

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使用油菜籽 (Brassica napus. L) 的高密度图谱分析 QTL 分析和剖析 QTL × 环境相互作用的产量相关性状

根据春化阶段的温度和持续时间，在油菜育种中培育出适应不同环境的三类品种：春季型、半冬季型和冬季型。通常在特定的油菜籽产区，只栽培一种类型（春或冬），几乎没有一个油菜品种能同时适应这两种环境，这主要是由于强G×E造成的，但G×E对产量的影响——油菜籽的相关性状仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们尝试进行 QTL 定位并将 G × E 解析为 QTL × 环境相互作用（QTL × E），用于源自 No.2127（春季 DH 品系）× ZY821（半-winter 品种）使用高密度 SNP bin 图。我们描述了 QTL × E 对产量性状遗传控制的影响。首先，对于同一DH系的相同性状，分别在春季和半冬季环境中生长时，所有7个性状均存在显着的表型差异。其次，对于七个性状中的五个，春季（适应性）环境中的广义遗传力高于半冬季（压力）环境。第三，共检测到74个非冗余QTL，包括26个共有QTL和48个试验特异性QTL，QTL的正相加效应在7个性状的亲本中均分散。在26个共有QTL中，有11个针对春季或半冬季环境，另外15个在两种环境之间共有，其中开花时间（FT）4个，长角果长度（SL）4个，千位3个。种子重量 (TSW)，它们中的每一个都解释了 6.4-26.1% 的表型变异。我们的研究结果表明，7 个产量相关性状的 QTL × E 主要体现在环境特异性 QTL 上，部分体现在不同表达的相同 QTL 上。这些发现提供了更好地理解 QTL × E 影响油菜籽产量相关性状的遗传基础。