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Positive interaction between shrubs and native orchids in a Mediterranean ecosystem
Brazilian Journal of Botany ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-13 , DOI: 10.1007/s40415-020-00664-x
Cristian Atala , Mariela Baldelomar , Cristian Torres-Díaz , Guillermo Pereira , Felipe Cacciuttolo , Reinaldo Vargas , Marco A. Molina-Montenegro

In the Mediterranean portion of Central Chile, where anthropic disturbances are common and severe, precipitations could drastically decrease and temperatures increase due to climate change. In this ecological context, positive interactions between plants could increase in relevance since they can increase growth and survival in stressful conditions. In this area, natural populations also suffer herbivore damage, mainly by cattle and other introduced species. The orchid family is represented in Chile by terrestrial species only that grow in natural and disturbed sites where native shrubs are common. These species have been poorly studied in terms of their ecology, and some species are currently severely threatened. In this study, we tested if native shrubs can facilitate Chilean orchids, reducing abiotic stress and herbivory. We evaluated this positive interaction in three sites with different orchid and shrub species. We found that in all sites, there are more orchid individuals growing inside the canopy of shrubs compared to open areas. Additionally, abiotic conditions were milder and herbivory was reduced inside shrubs in all sites. Our results suggest that there is a positive interaction between native shrubs and native orchids that could result in increased survival in orchid individuals growing inside the canopy of such shrubs. This result could be essential for future conservation and restoration initiatives that should take into account the need for shrubs before re-introduction of individuals in the field, especially for endangered orchid species present in Central Chile.

中文翻译:

地中海生态系统中灌木和原生兰花之间的正相互作用

在智利中部的地中海部分,人为干扰普遍且严重,由于气候变化,降水可能会急剧减少,温度会升高。在这种生态环境中,植物之间的积极相互作用可能会增加相关性,因为它们可以在压力条件下促进生长和存活。在该地区,自然种群也遭受食草动物的伤害,主要是牛和其他引进物种。兰花科在智利以陆生物种为代表,这些物种仅生长在原生灌木常见的自然和受干扰的地点。这些物种的生态学研究很少,一些物种目前受到严重威胁。在这项研究中,我们测试了本地灌木是否可以促进智利兰花的生长,减少非生物压力和食草性。我们在具有不同兰花和灌木物种的三个地点评估了这种积极的相互作用。我们发现,在所有地点,与开放区域相比,在灌木冠层内生长的兰花个体更多。此外,所有地点的非生物条件较温和,灌木内的食草动物减少。我们的结果表明,本地灌木和本地兰花之间存在积极的相互作用,这可能导致在此类灌木的树冠内生长的兰花个体的存活率增加。这一结果对于未来的保护和恢复计划至关重要,这些计划应该在将个体重新引入野外之前考虑对灌木的需求,特别是对于智利中部存在的濒危兰花物种。我们发现,在所有地点,与开放区域相比,在灌木冠层内生长的兰花个体更多。此外,所有地点的非生物条件较温和,灌木内的食草动物减少。我们的结果表明,本地灌木和本地兰花之间存在积极的相互作用,这可能导致在此类灌木的树冠内生长的兰花个体的存活率增加。这一结果对于未来的保护和恢复计划至关重要,这些计划应该在将个体重新引入野外之前考虑对灌木的需求,特别是对于智利中部存在的濒危兰花物种。我们发现,在所有地点,与开放区域相比,在灌木冠层内生长的兰花个体更多。此外,所有地点的非生物条件较温和,灌木内的食草动物减少。我们的结果表明,本地灌木和本地兰花之间存在积极的相互作用,这可能导致在此类灌木的树冠内生长的兰花个体的存活率增加。这一结果对于未来的保护和恢复计划至关重要,这些计划应该在将个体重新引入野外之前考虑对灌木的需求,特别是对于智利中部存在的濒危兰花物种。所有地点的非生物条件较温和,灌木内的食草动物减少。我们的结果表明,本地灌木和本地兰花之间存在积极的相互作用,这可能导致在此类灌木的树冠内生长的兰花个体的存活率增加。这一结果对于未来的保护和恢复计划至关重要,这些计划应该在将个体重新引入野外之前考虑对灌木的需求,特别是对于智利中部存在的濒危兰花物种。所有地点的非生物条件较温和,灌木内的食草动物减少。我们的结果表明,本地灌木和本地兰花之间存在积极的相互作用,这可能导致在此类灌木的树冠内生长的兰花个体的存活率增加。这一结果对于未来的保护和恢复计划至关重要,这些计划应该在将个体重新引入野外之前考虑对灌木的需求,特别是对于智利中部存在的濒危兰花物种。
更新日期:2020-10-13
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