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Mapping the Escape Fraction of Ionizing Photons Using Resolved Stars: A Much Higher Escape Fraction for NGC 4214
The Astrophysical Journal ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 , DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abb467
Yumi Choi 1, 2 , Julianne J. Dalcanton 2 , Benjamin F. Williams 2 , Evan D. Skillman 3 , Morgan Fouesneau 4 , Karl D. Gordon 1 , Karin M. Sandstrom 5 , Daniel R. Weisz 6 , Karoline M. Gilbert 1
Affiliation  

We demonstrate a new method for measuring the escape fraction of ionizing photons using Hubble Space Telescope imaging of resolved stars in NGC 4214, a local analog of high-redshift starburst galaxies that are thought to be responsible for cosmic reionization. Specifically, we forward model the UV through near-IR spectral energy distributions of $\sim$83,000 resolved stars to infer their individual ionizing flux outputs. We constrain the local escape fraction by comparing the number of ionizing photons produced by stars to the number that are either absorbed by dust or consumed by ionizing the surrounding neutral hydrogen in individual star-forming regions. We find substantial spatial variation in the escape fraction (0-40%). Integrating over the entire galaxy yields a global escape fraction of 25% (+16%/-15%). This value is much higher than previous escape fractions of zero reported for this galaxy. We discuss sources of this apparent tension, and demonstrate that the viewing angle and the 3D ISM geometric effects are the cause. If we assume the NGC 4214 has no internal dust, like many high-redshift galaxies, we find an escape fraction of 59% (an upper-limit for NGC 4214). This is the first non-zero escape fraction measurement for UV-faint (M$_{\rm FUV}$ = -15.9) galaxies at any redshift, and supports the idea that starburst UV-faint dwarf galaxies can provide a sufficient amount of ionizing photons to the intergalactic medium.

中文翻译:

使用已解析恒星绘制电离光子的逃逸分数:NGC 4214 的逃逸分数要高得多

我们展示了一种使用哈勃太空望远镜对 NGC 4214 中解析恒星的成像测量电离光子逃逸分数的新方法,NGC 4214 是高红移星暴星系的局部模拟,被认为是导致宇宙再电离的原因。具体来说,我们通过 $\sim $83,000 解析恒星的近红外光谱能量分布对 UV 进行建模,以推断它们各自的电离通量输出。我们通过将恒星产生的电离光子数量与被尘埃吸收或在单个恒星形成区域电离周围中性氢消耗的数量进行比较来限制局部逃逸率。我们发现逃逸率 (0-40%) 的空间变化很大。对整个星系进行积分产生 25% (+16%/-15%) 的全局逃逸率。该值远高于先前为该星系报告的逃逸分数为零。我们讨论了这种明显张力的来源,并证明视角和 3D ISM 几何效应是原因。如果我们假设 NGC 4214 没有内部尘埃,就像许多高红移星系一样,我们会发现逃逸率为 59%(NGC 4214 的上限)。这是第一次在任何红移处对 UV 微弱 (M$_{\rm FUV}$ = -15.9) 星系进行非零逃逸率测量,并支持星爆 UV 微弱矮星系可以提供足够数量的将光子电离到星际介质。如果我们假设 NGC 4214 没有内部尘埃,就像许多高红移星系一样,我们会发现逃逸率为 59%(NGC 4214 的上限)。这是第一次在任何红移处对 UV 微弱 (M$_{\rm FUV}$ = -15.9) 星系进行非零逃逸率测量,并支持星爆 UV 微弱矮星系可以提供足够数量的将光子电离到星际介质。如果我们假设 NGC 4214 没有内部尘埃,就像许多高红移星系一样,我们会发现逃逸率为 59%(NGC 4214 的上限)。这是第一次在任何红移处对 UV 微弱 (M$_{\rm FUV}$ = -15.9) 星系进行非零逃逸率测量,并支持星爆 UV 微弱矮星系可以提供足够数量的将光子电离到星际介质。
更新日期:2020-10-12
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