Staircases are main vertical evacuation passages in multi-story buildings characterized by different pedestrian flow from horizontal passages, such as corridors. Experiments were conducted to investigate crowd ascending and descending dynamics with different numbers of pedestrians in both uni- and bidirectional scenarios. Evacuation processes were recorded by video cameras and velocity sensors, and movement parameters were extracted from the recordings. Typical evacuation features on the staircase such as overtaking behavior, queuing behavior, repelling behavior, and packed and staggered motion mode are observed. The study explores velocity on the staircase as well as the fundamental diagram of velocity–density relationship. Experimental results show that ascending pedestrians could move upwards faster than descending pedestrians under emergency conditions. The stair landing can provide a wide and flat place for pedestrians to accelerate in unidirectional evacuation cases, but h...

中文翻译：

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紧急情况下行人在楼梯上的单向和双向运动的实验研究

楼梯是多层建筑中的主要垂直疏散通道，其特征是与水平通道（如走廊）的行人流量不同。进行了实验，以研究单向和双向场景中不同行人数量的人群上升和下降动态。疏散过程由摄像机和速度传感器记录下来，并从记录中提取出运动参数。观察到楼梯上典型的疏散特征，例如超车行为，排队行为，排斥行为以及拥挤和交错的运动模式。该研究探索了楼梯上的速度以及速度-密度关系的基本图。实验结果表明，在紧急情况下，上升的行人可以比下降的行人更快地向上移动。楼梯平台可为行人在单向疏散情况下的加速提供宽阔而平坦的地方，但需要注意的是...