Thomson Spectrometers are devices capable to separate the several particle species (with distinct charge-to-mass ratio and energy) produced by the different regimes of laser-matter experiments. In this work we describe the development of advanced spectrometers for low and medium energy particles. In particular, they are suitable for protons in the 5 keV–2 MeV and 100 keV–10 MeV energy ranges, respectively. The new prototypes of spectrometers have been designed and built to have a high sensitivity and be adaptable to many experimental situations and configurations, and are tailored to the characterization of charged particles and products of nuclear fusion reactions initiated by high energy and intensity lasers. Details on the realized prototypes, on their characterization and testing, together with the first experimental results are discussed.

中文翻译：

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先进的汤姆逊光谱仪的开发，用于激光引发的核聚变实验

汤姆森光谱仪是能够分离由激光物质实验的不同方案产生的几种粒子种类（具有不同的荷质比和能量）的设备。在这项工作中，我们描述了用于中低能粒子的高级光谱仪的开发。特别是，它们分别适用于5 keV–2 MeV和100 keV–10 MeV能量范围内的质子。光谱仪的新原型经过设计和制造，具有很高的灵敏度，可适应多种实验情况和配置，并适合于表征带电粒子和由高能量和强度激光引发的核聚变反应产物。讨论了已实现原型的详细信息，其表征和测试以及首批实验结果。