Graphene is a thin layer carbon material that has become a hot topic of research during this decade due to its excellent thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, current density, electron mobility and surface area. These extraordinary properties make graphene to be developed and applied in various fields. On this basis, researchers are interested to find out the methods to produce high quality graphene for industrial use. Various methods have been developed and reported to produce graphene. This paper was designed to summarize the development of graphene synthesis methods and the properties of graphene products that were obtained. The application of graphene in the various fields of environment, energy, biomedical, sensors, bio-sensors, and heat-sink was also summarized in this paper. In addition, the history, challenges, and prospects of graphene production for research and industrial purposes were also discussed.

中文翻译：

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石墨烯合成及其应用的进展：研究，工业的历史，挑战和未来展望

石墨烯是一种薄层碳材料，由于其优异的导热性，机械强度，电流密度，电子迁移率和表面积，在近十年来已成为研究的热点。这些非凡的性能使石墨烯得以开发并应用于各个领域。在此基础上，研究人员有兴趣找出生产高质量工业用石墨烯的方法。已经开发出多种方法来生产石墨烯，据报道。本文旨在总结石墨烯合成方法的发展以及所获得的石墨烯产物的性质。本文还总结了石墨烯在环境，能源，生物医学，传感器，生物传感器和散热器等各个领域中的应用。此外，历史，挑战，