Basal melt of ice shelves is not only an important part of Antarctica's ice sheet mass budget, but it is also the origin of platelet ice, one of the most distinctive types of sea ice. In many coastal Antarctic regions, ice crystals form and grow in supercooled plumes of Ice Shelf Water. They usually rise towards the surface, becoming trapped under an ice shelf as marine ice or forming a semi-consolidated layer, known as the sub-ice platelet layer, below an overlying sea ice cover. In the latter, sea ice growth consolidates loose crystals to form incorporated platelet ice. These phenomena have numerous and profound impacts on the physical properties, biological processes and biogeochemical cycles associated with Antarctic fast ice: platelet ice contributes to sea ice mass balance and may indicate the extent of ice-shelf basal melting. It can also host a highly productive and uniquely adapted ecosystem. This paper clarifies the terminology and reviews platelet ice formation, observational methods as well as the geographical and seasonal occurrence of this ice type. The physical properties and ecological implications are presented in a way understandable for physicists and biologists alike, thereby providing the background for much needed interdisciplinary research on this topic.

中文翻译：

---

血小板冰，南大洋隐藏的冰：回顾

冰架的基底融化不仅是南极洲冰盖质量预算的重要组成部分，而且也是最有特色的海冰类型之一的片状冰的起源。在许多南极沿海地区，冰晶在冰架水的过冷羽流中形成和生长。它们通常会上升到海面，作为海冰被困在冰架下，或者在上覆的海冰覆盖层下方形成一个半固结层，称为冰下血小板层。在后者中，海冰的生长巩固了松散的晶体以形成结合的片状冰。这些现象对与南极坚冰相关的物理特性、生物过程和生物地球化学循环有许多深远的影响：片状冰有助于海冰的质量平衡，并可能表明冰架基底融化的程度。它还可以承载一个高产和独特适应的生态系统。本文阐明了术语并回顾了血小板冰的形成、观测方法以及这种冰类型的地理和季节发生。物理特性和生态影响以物理学家和生物学家都可以理解的方式呈现，从而为该主题急需的跨学科研究提供背景。